Gen.-physics-2-Repaired

Atom

Atom

The basic building block of matter composed of subatomic particles.

Electric Charge

Determines interactions between subatomic particles and other charged particles.

Law of Charges

States that like charges repel and unlike charges attract.

Ion

An atom with an imbalance in protons and electrons, leading to a positive (cation) or negative (anion) charge.

Coulomb

The SI unit for electric charge, represented by "q" and measured in coulombs (C).

Conductors

Materials allowing electrical charges to move between them through various methods.

Charging by Rubbing

Process where two bodies gain opposite charges by friction.

Triboelectric Series

A list of materials showing predictable behavior when rubbed together.

Charging by Conduction

Both objects acquire the same charge during the process.

Electric Dipoles

Result from the polarization of charges in a body, creating a positive and negative end.

Gravitational potential energy (GPE)

Type of potential energy due to a body's elevation from the ground, allowing it to do work as it moves downward.

Electric Potential

Amount of electric potential energy per unit charge, representing the work needed to move a charge between reference points.

Current

Flow of electrical charges, where regulated movement in one direction constitutes an electric current.

Resistance

Property limiting current flow in a conductor, inversely proportional to electric current.

Electrical resistivity

Intrinsic property of a material affecting current flow, with higher resistivity leading to increased resistance.

Electrical conductivity

Property influencing resistance and current flow, with higher conductivity reducing resistance.

Temperature

A factor affecting resistance, where higher temperatures increase resistance.

Length of Conductor

Factor influencing resistance, with longer conductors providing more resistance.

Cross-sectional area of conductor

Factor affecting resistance, where larger areas allow more current flow, reducing resistance.

Electromotive Force

Potential energy given to a charge to flow through a circuit, measured in volts.

Potential Difference

Difference in electric potential across a circuit, essential for current flow.

Ohm's Law

Relationship among voltage, current, and resistance, summarized by V=IR.

Electric Circuit

Pathway for current flow, requiring a closed loop for functionality.

Series Circuit

Circuit where components are in a single pathway, with the same current passing through each component.

Parallel Circuit

Circuit with multiple pathways for current flow, where total resistance is less than individual resistances.

Rt

The total resistance in an electrical circuit.

62.5 Ω

The value of total resistance (Rt) in the circuit, measured in ohms (Ω).