Unit 4 APWH Vocabulary

administration

the act of directing or managing

biological

of or pertaining to the growth, development, and functioning of living things

bureaucrat

an official in a government office, especially one who follows rules and routines rather than personal judgment

capital

money or other wealth owned or used by a business

capitalism

an economic system in which the means of production and distribution are privately owned and prices are chiefly determined by open competition in a free market

cash crop

a crop grown for sale to others rather than for personal use

chattel slavery

the ownership of a person as property or chattel

coerce

to intimidate or force a person usually by fear of violence

colonization

the act or process of forming colonies governed by a distant country

commodity

a raw material that can be bought and sold

demographic

of or relating to the study of human populations, involving statistical analysis

economic

of or pertaining to the production and distribution of goods, wealth, and services

enslaved

to cause to be a slave or to be in a condition of bondage

exploitation

the selfish or unfair using of someone or something for one’s own advantage

export

to send or transport abroad, usually for sale or trade

finance

the management of money or other assets

free market

an economic system in which prices are determined by unrestricted competition

indentured servant

a person bound to work without pay for a specified length of time in exchange for travel, food, and lodging

labor

the entire body of workers, especially as distinguished from management

mercantilism

the doctrine that a nation’s economy could be strengthened by governmental protection of home industries and increased foreign exports

missionary

a person desiring to convert others to a principle or set of beliefs

monopoly

complete control over a service or commodity within a given market

plantation

a large estate used for cultivating commercial crops

plantation system

a capitalist economic system dependent on enslaved labor

resistance

the act of refusing to comply with something