Group VA- Nitrogen Group and VB- Vanadium Group

N, P, As, Sb, Bi, V, Cb, Ta

“Pnictogen“

to choke

Nitrogen

“Mephitic air” - (D. Rutherford)

“Azote”

“without life“

Nitrogen

Azote - “without life“

Chile saltpeter

sodium nitrate

Nitrogen

found in nature as Chile saltpeter

Nitrous oxide

“laughing gas“

Ammonia

Alkaline air

Ammonia

Colorless gas with strong pungent odor

Ammonia

Produced commercially by Haber process

Ammonium hydroxide solution

Ammonia water

Liquid ammonia

used for refrigeration and manufacture of artificial ice

27%-29%

% Strong ammonia solution

Diluted ammonia solution

“Spirit hartshorn“

Diluted ammonia solution

“Household ammonia”

Spirit of hartshorn

product of destructive distillation of horns of male deer

Household ammonia

for cleaning and washing due to water softening and saponifying properties

Ammonium bromide

(under nitrogen)- sedative

Ammonium carbonate

“Sal volatile“

Ammonium carbonate

“Preston salt“

Ammonium carbonate

“Hartshorn“

Ammonium carbonate

Reflex stimulant

Aromatic Ammonia Spirit

Gastric stimulant, carminative, antacid

Ammonium acetate solution

Spirit of Mindererus

Expectorant Mixture

“Mistura pectoralis”

Expectorant Mixture

“Stoke’s Expectorant“

Ammonium Chloride

“Muriate of Ammonia“

Ammonium Chloride

“Sal ammoniac“

phosphorescence

i bear light

White p, Red P, Scarlet, P Violet P, Black P

Allotropes of Phosphorus

White Phosphorus

(P) most reactive; stored under kerosene

Red Phosphorus

(P) less reactive than White P

Scarlet Phosphorus

(P) obtained by heating Pl3 with Hg; mixed w/ Potassium chlorate to make matches

Violet Phosphorus

(P) obtained by heating while P with Na

Black Phosphorus

obtained by heating P with Pb; least reactive, most stable

Phosphine (PH3)

Hydrides of Phosphorus

Phosphine (PH3)

Colorless, poisonous gas with rotten fish odor

Phosphine (PH3)

product of putrefaction of organic material

Phosphine

“will-o-wisp or ignis fatuus“

PF3, PF5, PCl3, PCl5, PBr3, PBr5, PI3

Halides of Phosphorus

P2S5, P4S7, P4S3

Sulfides of Phosphorus

Diphosphorus pentoxide (P2O5)

“Flowers of Phosphorus”

Diphosphorus pentoxide (P2O5)

Oxides of Phosphorus

Diphosphorus pentoxide (P2O5)

used for drying gases

Phosphoric acid

Acids of Phosphorus

Phosphoric acid

Orthopphosporic acid

Phosphoric acid

Used as gastric tonic and stimulant

Phosphoric acid

Diluted form - treatment of Pb poisoning

Arsenic triodide

in small doses, appetite stimulant

Arsenic triodide

gradually restore the proper function of the body and increase health and vitality

Arsenic trioxide

Formerly used as alternative tonic

Arsenious acid solution

Arsenic chloride solution

Potassium arsenite solution

“Fowler’s solution“

Antimony potassium tartrate

“Tartar emetic“

Antimony potassium tartrate

IV: treatment of visceral leishmaniasis - “kala azar“ or “black fever“

Antimony trichloride

“Butter antimony“

Antimony trichloride

“Mineral butter“

Bismuth

“Wismut“, “Wissmat“

black stool

common side-effect of Biismuth preparation

Bismuth potassium tartrate

treatment of syphilis

Bismuth subcarbonate

basic bismuth carbonate

Bismuth subgallate

Basic bismuth carbonate

Bismuth subnitrate

Basic bismuth nitrate

Bismuth subnitrate

(bismuth) most effective antiseptic

Bismuth magma

“Milk of bismuth“

Bismuth magma

“Bismuth cream“

Bismuth trichloride

“Butter of bismuth“

Bismuth trichloride

+ water > “pearl white“

Bismuth trichloride

Used in manufacture of artificial pearls

Vanadium

“Erythronium“

Nitrogen

found in nature as Chile saltpeter

Nitrous oxide

“laughing gas“

Tantalum

substitute for platinum for making standard weights and chemical apparatus

Bismuth subsalicylate

pink bistmuth

anti diarrheal

relieves stomach upset