Trace Evidence

a

Colonel Calvin Goddard in the 1920's established the comparison microscope as an indispensible tool for the modern firearms examiner

True

The 1800's was the time of breakthroughs in chemistry making significant strides in forensic science

False

In 1892 Francis Galton developed a methodology to classify fingerprints for filing that would form our present system for fingerprint identification

True

Dr. Walter McCrone became the preeminent expert in the use of microscopy in forensic science and is accredited with significant strides in this application

True

Locard had a background in both medicine and law

True

Questioned Documents is not a part of Forensic Science

False

The oldest known forensic laboratory in the US was established in 1932 by the FBI under J. Edgar Hoover

False

The "CSI Effect" is used to describe the unrealistic expectations of the public by their exposure to dramatized forensic science, that often results in jury's belief that every crime scene yields productive and incriminating forensic evidence

True

In 1776 Carl Scheele devised the first successful test for detecting poisonous arsenic in corpses

False

Sherlock Holmes was a real person in the 1800's and is attributed with popularizing present day forensic science

False

The 1800's was a significant period in forensic science because

Both “a” and “c” are correct

Mathieu Orfila is considered the Father of Toxicology

True

The Casey Anthony murder trial was a success of matching trace evidence hairs and extracted DNA, linking it to the physical evidence of the duct tape that bound the victim

False

Computer databases have proved to be fundamental to successful and timely application of forensic science investigations

True

Sir Alec Guiness developed the first DNA profiling test in 1984, and two years later applied it for the first time to solve a crime identifying Colin Pitchfork as the murderer of two young girls

False

The four categories of blood typing are A, B, AB and O

True

Whenever two objects come into contact with each other, materials are exchanged between them. This theory is known as

Locard's Exchange Principle

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle had an uncanny ability to describe scientific methods of detection years before they were actually implemented and discovered

True

The American Academy of Forensic Science includes practices including

Criminalistics

The most significant forensic science advancement in the last two centuries has been with DNA refining and typing

True

The US has no national system for forensic laboratories, with many jurisdictions relying on local and state labs for forensic science needs

True

Forensic science is the application of science to law

True

The Japanese were among the first in the third century to recognize the potential of fingerprints to identify individuals

False

Thomas Taylor was known as the "Father of Criminal Identification."

False

Locards Exchange Principle is fundamental to foundations of forensic science

True

Which of the following may give clues about the timing of an incident?

Option B

Position of the day's newspaper inside or outside the house

Police barricades and the strategic positioning of guards are used to prohibit access to the crime scene by whom?

All unauthorized personnel

Which crime-scene search pattern does not require more than one investigator?

Line

To formulate a successful strategy for recovering relevant physical evidence at crime scenes, on what must the investigator ultimately rely?

Experience

The first responding officer at the crime scene must make attempts to detain and question whom?

Both witnesses and suspects

Which search pattern employs several people moving from the boundary straight toward the center of the scene (inward) or from the center straight to the boundary (outward)?

Wheel

The purpose of the crime-scene search is to locate what?

Physical evidence

The size and location of the crime scene as well as the events that occurred there will determine

The kind of search pattern that will be used to locate evidence

What search pattern employs two people performing line searches that originate from adjacent corners?

Grid

The types of evidence commonly found during a vehicle search include all of the following except which?

Questioned documents

Which search pattern is most reliant on the boundaries established?

Line

Officers should attempt to locate tool marks at the point of entry during the investigation of what type of crime?

Burglary

The center of the crime scene, which is always included within the crime scene's boundary, is the area where

The crime occurred

Which of the following is a disadvantage of the spiral search pattern?

Evidence could be missed

What is the name of the search pattern in which one or two investigators start at the boundary at one end of the scene and walk straight across to the other side?

Line

After providing medical assistance for the injured and arresting any suspects on the scene, the first officer should immediately

Secure the scene

What is the initial survey of the crime scene that is carried out by the lead investigator called?

Walk-through

The conditions at a crime scene can be compromised by all of the following actions except

Taking photographs at the crime scene

Once the lead investigator determines that all pertinent evidence at the crime scene has been located, the investigators must perform what?

The final survey

Which of the following acts is permissible for officers at the scene?

None of these

Digital crime-scene photographs require special measures to assure their admissibility in court due to

Ability to manipulate the image

Recording the details of a large outdoor crime scene or the relationship of multiple crime scenes may involve

Aerial photography

Oblique lighting creates a shadowing effect in photographs of three-dimensional objects by placing the flash at what angle to the plane of view?

Less than 45 percent

The advantages of recording crime-scene notes on an audio-recording device include all of the following except

The notes can be recorded at the crime laboratory instead of at the crime scene

Which statement about note taking is not true?

Note taking is done after all crime-scene processing has been completed.

Which measurement method would be best for documenting the position of evidence in a sketch of an outdoor crime scene?

Baseline method

What kind of filter allows a small range of wavelengths of light and blocks all others from reaching the film or microchip?

Barrier filter

Crime-scene sketches serve a unique purpose in permanently documenting the location of which type of evidence?

Collected and removed from the crime scene

To show the depth of a three-dimensional object in a photograph, from what angle should it be illuminated?

Oblique

Crime-scene photography must produce examination-quality photographs, which are photographs that can be easily interpreted by whom?

Everyone involved in the case

CAD programs enhance the ability to

Produce a finished crime-scene sketch

In what situation is the photographic technique of "painting with light" used?

During nighttime

Which lens would be best suited to photographing the details of a small but detailed tool mark found at a crime scene?

Macro lens

The number of pixels contained in a digital camera is directly related to the detail and sharpness of the image, which is called its what?

Resolution

A rough sketch does not need to include which one of the following?

Sketch of the suspect

What feature allows most digital cameras to automatically compensate for color temperatures that deviate from white?

White balance

The exposure compensation settings on a digital camera would be used to capture an image that is

Extremely dark or extremely bright

If the crime scene includes a dead body, the photographer should

Depict injuries and weapons at the scene

Where must detailed information about each photograph taken at a crime scene be recorded?

On a photography log

What feature of a digital camera's "night mode" allows the camera to gather as much light as possible to create the image?

Low shutter speed

Close-up crime-scene photographs must be taken both with and without what?

Scale

The most common methods of crime-scene recording do not include which one of the following?

Infrared analysis

Photographs of what kind of evidence require a camera designed to create a 1:1 photograph or by a standard camera fitted with an adapter?

Latent fingerprint evidence

Video recordings of the crime scene

Must be complemented by a hard copy of notes and separate still photographs

In digital photography, light is recorded as a specific charge on millions of tiny what?

Pixels