They are primarily non-motile and live anchored to a substrate.
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Dermal, Ground, Vascular
What are the three Plant Tissues?
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Dermal Tissues
Forms epidermis, usually one cell layer
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Stomata
Pores for gas exchange
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Trichomes
Leaf hairs, protect against herbivores and damaging solar radiation
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Root hairs
Increase root surface area
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Cuticle
A waxy substance that limits water loss, reflects damaging solar radiation, and form a barrier against pathogens
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Ground Tissues
The most abundant tissue
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Parenchyma
Most abundant, carry out photosynthesis, store protein and starch
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Collenchyma
Elongated, thick cell walls, areas of active growth
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Sclerenchyma
Thick cell walls reinforced with lignin, programmed cell death, cell walls remain to provide support
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Vascular Tissues
Transport System
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Xylem
Carries water and minerals from roots to rest of plants, composed of dead cells
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Phloem
Composed of living cells, moves carbohydrates from production sites to where they are either used or stored
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Leaves, Stems, Roots
What are the PLANT ORGANS?
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Apex
What is the part of number 1?
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Margins
What is the part of number 2?
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Veins
What is the part of number 3?
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Midrib
What is the part of number 4?
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Base
What is the part of number 5?
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Petiole
What is the part of number 6?
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Stipule
What is the part of number 7?
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Base
What is the part of number 8?
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Spines
In most xerophytes (plants that grow in regions with scarce water), the leaves are reduced to spines but still take the responsibility of doing photosynthesis. The spines help reduce water loss and is also useful in absorbing droplets of water from the fog.
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Succulent Leaves
fleshy leaves that that serve as a storage part for water as well as reserve materials. The plants can survive for months without even a single drop of water and may turn brown.
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Tendrils
Found in climbers where leaf of plants are modified into elongated structures to help the plants climb efficiently.
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Swollen Petioles
Aquatic plants that have bulged petioles filled with air and help the plant float in water.
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Reproductive Leaves
Adventitious buds along their leaf margins. These buds develop roots while on the parent plant as they mature, they fall off the plant and start growing into a new plant when they land on nearby soil.
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Sheathy Leaf Bases
Found in plants that lack woody stems. The leaf base is expanded into a sheath that is rolled over one another in layers as new leaves grow. The sheathy leaf bases combine to form the pseudostem that’s supports the plant to stand erect
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Traps
Plants that grow in nitrogen deficient places have modified their leaves to get this. The leaves may be modified into a pod which is used to attract insects and other tiny animals to fall inside and digest them. The inner walls secrete digestive enzymes that help digest the insects and extract the nitrogen needed for the plant.
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Bulbs
Leaves modified as storage organ.
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Bud Scales
Tough, overlapping, waterproof leaves that protect buds from frost, desiccation, and pathogens. Bud scales form before the onset of unfavorable growing seasons i.e. winter.
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Bract
A modified leaf or scale, typically small, with a flower or flower cluster in its axil. Bracts are sometimes larger and more brightly coloured than the true flower.
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Nodes and Internodes
A plant's stem consists of?
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Internodes
The space between nodes on a stem.
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Apical Buds or Terminal Buds
Occur at the end, or apex, of stems.
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Axillary Buds
Occur at a leaf node, which is where a leaf emerges from the stem of a stem
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Lenticels
Helps in the gaseous exchange between the atmosphere and the internal tissue of the stem.
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Lenticels
helps in allowing the oxygen into and carbon dioxide out.
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Lenticular Transpiration
The lenticels also helps in transpiration called as the __________.
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Closes
The lenticular transpiration occurs when the stomata ______.
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Rhizome
They are also called creeping rootstalk, horizontal underground plant stems capable of producing the shoot and root systems of a new plant.
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Corm
Stem that grows in vertical direction.It is spherical in shape with a flattened base. It has distinct nodes and internodes.
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Tubers
Enlarged structures in some plant species used as storage organs for nutrients
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Runner/Stolon
Runs horizontally on the surface of the soil. It break off and grow into an independent plant giving rise to vegetative propagation.
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Sucker
It moves horizontally under the soil for a distance and then grows obliquely upwards.
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Offset
It is found in aquatic plants, it has lateral branch with short internode and each node bearing a rosette of leaves and a tuft of roots.
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Thorn
They are straight, pointed, hard or woody structures.
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Roots
Anchor a vascular plant to the soil, absorb minerals and water, and often store carbohydrates
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Root system
Subterranean or underground part of the plant.
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Shoot
Aboveground part of the plant.
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Geotropism
The cause why roots are growing downward.
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Taproot and Fibrous root
What are the two types of roots?
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Buttress
Aerial extensions of lateral surface roots and form only in certain species. It stabilizes the tree, especially in shallow saturated soils.
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Prop roots
A modified roots that arise from the stem of certain plants and provide extra support.
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Pneumatophores
An aerial root specialized for gaseous exchange.
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Aerial/Strangling roots
Extend to the ground, supporting the growing plant, which eventually strangles the host tree.
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Storage roots
It becomes enlarged and swollen due to the storage of food.
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Fruit
The fleshy or dry ripened ovary of a flowering plant, enclosing the seed or seeds.
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Exocarp
The outermost layer of the pericarp
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Mesocarp
The middle layer of a fruit, the usually fleshy plump part
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Endocarp
The inner region of the pericarp and can consist of layers of different textures or consistency that surround and protect the seed
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Drupe
A type of fleshy fruit containing a large seed
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Berries
A fleshy fruit formed from the ovary of one flower with a seed or seeds embedded in the flesh.
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Pomes
Fruits that have a fleshy area surrounding a core containing seeds.
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Hesperidia
Fruits have a thick tangy rind and sectioned pulp inside.
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Pepo
Fruits have multiple seeds throughout the flesh or grouped together in the center.
Studied by 11 people
Note 
Flashcard (106)