AP Euro Topic 4.2 The Scientific Revolution Terms/Names (Amsco Bolded) (copy)

Scientific Revolution

Scientific Revolution

The intellectual movement in Europe, initially associated with planetary motion and other aspects of physics, that by the seventeenth century had laid the groundwork for modern science.

scientific method

A series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions.

Francis Bacon

developed the scientific method and inductive reasoning (make observations and use that to come to general conclusions).

Rene Descartes

wrote Discourse on Method; "i think therefore i am" --using deductive reasoning, using a general statement and applying strict logic to draw conclusions.

Isaac Newton

Defined the laws of motion and gravity. Tried to explain motion of the universe.

natural law

General principles of about the way the world works based on mathematical proofs. Example: Newton's universal law of gravity.

astronomy

the study of the universe beyond Earth, including the sun, moon, planets, and stars

cosmology

The branch of astronomy concerned with the origins and structure of the universe (such as what the Webb telescope is currently doing!)

Nicolaus Copernicus

Polish astronomer who proposed a heliocentric model of the universe in 1500s

heliocentric

A model of the solar system in which Earth and the other planets revolve around the sun

Johannes Kepler

German astronomer who first stated laws of planetary motion

Galileo Galilei

Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars and to use observations to prove heliocentric theory.

Galen

Ancient Greek anatomist whose theories formed the basis of European medicine until the Scientific Revolution disproved them.

William Harvey

English physician and scientist who described the circulation of the blood

alchemy

Traditional medieval chemistry; attempt to change base metal into gold

astrology

Traditional view (still popular as a recreational hobby) Theory of the influence of planets and stars on human events

invisible hand

a term coined by Adam Smith to describe the self-regulating nature of the marketplace (people doing what is best for themselves will cause the best situation for everyone).

Inductive reasoning

Specific to general

Deductive reasoning

General to specific