Shoulder Girdle

In all natural movements, the scapula shares with the humerus in the movements of the arm on the trunk. This is known as __________________

The scapulohumeral rhythm

What does the shoulder girdle consist of?

Sternum
2 clavicles
2 scapulae

Is the shoulder girdle complete or incomplete?

Incomplete
There is no union between the two scapulae in the back

What encircles the glenoid fossa and cushions the impact of the humeral head?

Glenoid labrum

What anatomical landmark do we use to identify upward and downward rotation of the scapula?

The inferior angle

What anatomical landmark do we use to identify anterior and posterior tilt of the scapula?

Superior border

What two bones are primarily involved in the movements of the shoulder girdle?

Scapula and clavicle

What muscles are involved in the lateral raise of the humerus?

Supraspinatus and deltoids

What joint connects the sternum and each clavicle?

Sternoclavicular joint

What joint connects the acromion process of each scapula with the corresponding clavicle?

Acromioclavicular joint

What is the only bony connection between the humerus and the axial skeleton?

The sternoclavicular joint

Clavicle movements at the SC joint

Elevation and depression, protraction and retraction, and forward and backward rotation

What two ligaments stabilize and strenghten the acromioclavicular joint?

Coracoacromial ligament strengthens and the coracoclavicular stabilizes

Movements of the shoulder girdle are defined in terms of ____________

The movements of the scapulae

Upward or superior movement, as in shrugging the shoulders

Elevation

Downward or inferior movement, as in returning to a normal position from a shoulder shrug

Depression

The elevation of the scapula is the direct result of elevation of the outer end of the clavicle, a movement that originates at the __________________ joint

Sternoclavicular joint

Lateral movement of the scapula away from the spinal column

Protraction (Abduction)

Movement of the scapula medially toward the spinal column

Retraction (Adduction)

As the scapula abducts, it turns slightly about its vertical axis in a movement known as __________. This is a slight posterior movement of the medial border and an anterior movement of the lateral border

Lateral Tilt

Anterior movement of the medial border and posterior movement of the lateral border

Medial Tilt

A rotation of the scapula in the frontal plane which turns the glenoid fossa upward and moves the inferior angle superiorly and laterally away from the spinal column

Upward rotation

What muscles are involved in upward rotation of the scapula?

Serratus anterior, upper trapezius, and lower trapezius

Returning the inferior angle medially and inferiorly toward the spinal column and the glenoid fossa to its anatomical position

Downward rotation

What muscles are involved in downward rotation of the scapula?

Pectoralis minor and the levator scapulae

What is the corresponding movement of the shoulder girdle when the humerus is hyperextended?

Anterior tilt

A turning of the scapula on its bilateral axis to that the posterior surface faces slightly upward and the inferior angle protrudes from the back

Anterior tilt

What is the corresponding movement of the shoulder girdle when the arm is elevated the scapula is upwardly rotated?

Posterior tilt

A tipping of the posterior surface slightly downward and forward

Posterior tilt

Movements of the shoulder girdle

Elevation and depression, abduction and adduction (lateral and medial tilt), upward and downward rotation, and anterior and posterior tilt

Anterior muscles of the shoulder girdle

Pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, subclavius

Posterior muscles of the shoulder girdle

Levator scapulae, rhomboids, and trapezius

The pectoralis minor functions in which movements of the scapula?

Abduction, downward rotation, anterior tilt, and depression

The serratus anterior functions in which movements of the scapula?

Abduction and upward rotation

Which two muscles contribute to the upward rotation of the scapula?

Serratus anterior and trapezius

The subclavius functions in what movement of the scapula?

Depression

What muscle protects and stabilizes the SC joint?

Subclavius

The levator scapulae functions in which movements of the scapula?

Elevation and downward rotation

The rhomboids function in which movements of the scapula?

Downward rotation, adduction, and elevation

The trapezius function in which movements of the scapula?

I. Elevation
II. Elevation, upward rotation, adduction
III. Adduction
IV. Upward rotation, depression, adduction

Grade 1 sternoclavicular joint sprain

Little pain and disability, point tenderness, no deformity

Grade 2 sternoclavicular joint sprain

Subluxation of the SC joint w/ visible deformity and pain

Grade 3 sternoclavicular joint sprain

Complete dislocation of clavicle and sternal junction

Is a sternoclavicular joint sprain or an acromioclavicular joint sprain more common?

Acromioclavicular joint sprain

Grade 1 acromioclavicular joint sprain

Point tenderness, discomfort with movement, no deformity

Grade 2 acromioclavicular joint sprain

Displacement and prominence of the distal end of the clavicle

Grade 3 acromioclavicular joint sprain

Complete dislocation of the AC joint, bump more prominent