Studied by 12 people
What is biological classification?
The classification of organisms into groups and subgroups on the basis of similarities and differences
Who made the first scientific attempt for classification
Aristotle
How did aristotle classify plants
Used simple morphological characters to classify plants
Aristotle divided plants into 3 and animals into 2. Which are they
Plants: herbs, shrubs, trees
Animals: without RBC(anaima), with RBC(enaima)
Second person to attempt biological classification
Carolus Linnaeus(1758)
Biological classification made by carolus linnaeus was called
Two kingdom classification
Name of the two kingdoms of the two kingdom classification
Kingdom plantae
Kingdom Animalia
What criterion did Linnaeus use to classify organisms into the kingdoms Plantae and Animalia?
Linnaeus placed organisms with cell wall in plantae and without cell wall in Animalia
Who’s the father of taxonomy?
Carolus Linnaeus
Name of the famous book written by Linnaeus?
Systama naturae
Who introduced binomial nomenclature?
Carolus Linnaeus
What is binomial nomenclature?
The naming of organisms on the basis of genus and species
Demerits of Linnaeus’s classification
Many organisms didn’t fall in either category
the system didn’t distinguish between:-
Eukaryotes and prokaryotes
Unicellular and multicellular
Photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organisms
What are the similarities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Has :-
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Chromatin network
What are the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes:-
Nuclear membrane is absent
Membrane bound cell organelles are absent
Found in primitive organisms
Eukaryotes:-
Nuclear membrane is present
Membrane bound cell organelles are present
Found in advanced organisms
Give examples for prokaryotes
Bacteria
Cyanobacteria
Mycoplasma
Give examples of eukaryotes
Fungi
Plants
Animals
Give examples of unicellular organisms
Bacteria
Amoeba
Paramecium
Give examples for multicellular organisms
Fungi
Plants
Animals
What are autotrophic organisms? Give examples
Organisms that can synthesise their own food are called autotrophic organisms. They’re of two types and are called photosynthetic and chemosynthetic organisms
Eg:-
Photosynthetic = Green plants
Chemosynthetic = Nitrobactor bacteria
What are photosynthetic organisms?
Organisms that produce food with the help of light is called photosynthetic organisms. (Green plants)
What are Chemosynthetic organisms?
Organisms that produce food with the help of chemicals is called chemosynthetic organisms. (Nitrobactor bacteria)
What are heterotrophs?
Organisms that can’t synthesise their own food are called heterotrophs and are also known as consumers
What are the different types of heterotrophs? (3 types)
Parasites
Saprophytes
Holozoic
What are parasites?
The organisms that depend on other organisms for food and shelter are called parasites
Eg:-
Cuscuta
Loranthus (parcial parasite)
What are saprophytes?
The organisms that feed on dead and decaying matter are called saprophytes
Eg:-
mushrooms
What are holozoic organisms?
The organisms that swallow their food are called holozoic organisms.
Eg:-
Animals
Who introduced the three kingdom classification? Which kingdom was introduced here?
3 kingdom classification was introduced by Earnest Haeckel. He introduced kingdom protista. (1866)
Who introduced the four kingdom classification? Which kingdom was introduced here?
4 kingdom classification was introduced by Copeland. He introduced kingdom monera.(1956)
Who introduced the five kingdom classification? Which kingdom was introduced here? And year…?
5 kingdom classification was introduced by RH Whittaker. He introduced the kingdoms monera, protista, fungi, plantae and Animalia.(1969)
By which criterias did Whittaker organize the organisms in five kingdom classification…?
Cell structure
Body/thallus organisation
Mode of nutrition
Reproduction
Phylogenetic relationships
what is the cell type of monera ?
prokaryotic
what is the cell type of protista ?
eukaryotic
what is the cell type of fungi ?
eukaryotic
what is the cell type of plantae ?
eukaryotic
what is the cell type of animalia ?
eukaryotic
what is the cell wall type of monera ?
noncellulosic (polysaccharide + amino acid)
cell wall —> protista =
present in some
cell wall —> fungi =
present with chitin
cell wall —> plantae =
present (cellulose)
cell wall —> animalia =
absent
nuclear memberane —> monera =
absent
nuclear memberane —> Protista =
present
nuclear memberane —> fungi =
present
nuclear memberane —> plantae =
present
nuclear memberane —> animalia =
present
body organization —> monera =
cellular
body organization —> protista =
celluar
body organization —> fungi =
multicellular / loose tissue
body organization —> plantae =
tissue / organ
body organization —> animalia =
tissue / organ / organ system
Who are the sole members of the kingdom monera ?
Bacteria
Name the most abundant micro organism present on earth
Bacteria
Bacteria are classified into four groups based on their shape. What are they…?
coccus/cocci
Bacillus/bacilli
Spirillum/spirilla
Vibrium/vibrio
What is the name of this bacteria…?
Cocci
What is the name of this bacteria…?
Bacillus
What is the name of this bacteria…?
Spirilla
What is the name of this bacteria…?
Vibrio
Though bacterial structure is simple they are very complex in _________
Behaviour
Note
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