BIOL 1106 Lesson 04: Plant Nutrition and Defense

sand, rock, clay, organic matter, minerals

What is present in soil?

micronutrients

Plant nutrients required in large amounts

Micronutrients

Nutrients required in small amounts

Fixation

The process of converting a gas into an organic compound

chloroplasts

In plants, the conversion of carbon dioxide into carbohydrates takes place in the______________.

Nitrogen

Plants cannot access atmospheric ___________ due to its triple bond.

Rhizobia, nitrates

To convert nitrogen gas into organic matter, bacteria such as _____________ convert this compound into____________.

System Acquired Resistance

This is a temporary broad ranging defense mechanism to a pathogen.

A first line defense mechanism

Silica inclusions and thorns are an example of…

Allelopathy

What is it called when one plant releases chemicals that prevents other plants from growing near it?

inducible

Jasmonic acid is an __________ defense mechanism that is triggered by wounding.

Food provides nutrients and energy for mammals, while fertilizer provides just nutrients

How is fertilizer for plants different than food for mammals?

The plant kills its own tissues that surround the invader thereby trapping it

How does a plant hypersensitive response work?

Pick younger leaves and protect from stressors

How would you prevent having bad tasting tea leaves full of tannin?

Go into a reproductive and eating rampage

Stressed pine trees release compounds that are detected by Pine Bark beetles which makes the trees easier to find and then the beetles…

Parasitoid wasps detect plant allelopathic chemicals which ultimately helps protect the plant

Parasitoid wasps lay eggs on insects that are eating the plants. The caterpillar is killed as wasp larvae slowly devour it. Why does this relationship happen?

influences the growth or metabolism of other plants

In allelopathy, one plant produces a signal that…

It uses its fungi network to tap into the roots of trees

The plant Dutchman’s Pipe does not have chlorophyll and can’t fix carbon dioxide into carbohydrates. How does is survive?

Fetch nutrients, help plants communicate, and protect plants from certain diseases

Mycorrhizal fungi are important to plants because fungi…

Ion exchange

Intake of nutrients from the soil is facilitated by…

Nitrogen fixation by bacteria

Nitrates become available to plants by…

Hydrogen bonds

________________ adhere water to soil particles, so water acts as the media between soil and roots.

phytoremediation

The use of plants to clean polluted areas is called…

AVR gene

Genetic recognition depends upon the presence of a pair of matching genes, an ____________ in the pathogen and a resistance (R) gene in the plant.

Static defense

What type of defense is always present and active?

Inducible defense

What type of defense is active only when a threat is detected?

antivirulants

Pathogens produce proteins using _______________.

phosphorus

Weathering off rocks and sediments makes _______________available to plants

a high mineral content

The best soils have…

Negative, positive

Soil particles tend to have a ___________(±) charge while root hairs tend to have a __________(±) charge.