Reactions for benzene

Halogenation

Involves halogens and accompanied by FeX3,

Halogen pairs both with benzene and H

Nitration of benzene

Uses HNO3 and H2SO4 making No2

Slufination of benzene:

Uses SO3 and H2SO4 conc

Makes SO3H and H2O

The water means the rxn is reversible and h2so4 allows it to be reversed

F.C Acelation:

Allyl group and halo,

using Fex halo and h gets dropped and group gets with benzene (similar to haligenation it uses FeX3)

F.C Acylation:

Acyl group with Halogen using Alx,

Group joins benzene Halogen joins H

Limitations of F.C.:

1) rearrangement to produce stable carbonations

2) strong EN groups deactivate the benzene ring (No2, cooh, so3h, CN, cf3, nr3)

3) aryl and vinyl are unreactive

4) poly akylations can occur

Clemmensen reduction:

uses Zn(Hg), HCl and heat

Removes the o

⌬ -ch3

toulene

⌬-oh

phenol

⌬-och3

anisol

⌬-cooh

benzoic acid

⌬-coch3

acetophenone

⌬-nh2

aniline