1.1.1 coasts as a system

What factors contribute to geological erosion along the coast?

Hard rocks resist erosion, while soft rocks erode faster; weak bedding planes increase erosion.

How can anthropogenic factors impact coastal areas?

Human activities like coastal management, urbanization, and dredging can disrupt sediment transport and cause erosion.

What are the two types of waves that affect coastlines?

Destructive waves and constructive waves.

What climatic events can enhance coastal erosion?

Storms increase wave energy, and climate change can lead to sea-level rise.

What geomorphic influences shape coastal features?

Fluvial processes (rivers), glacial activity (past influences), and mass movement (slumping, rockfall).

Name two sub-aerial processes that weaken coastal cliffs.

Weathering (freeze-thaw) and wind (sand transport).

What role does vegetation play in coastal systems?

Vegetation stabilizes dunes, while coral reefs protect coasts from erosion.

What does a balanced sediment budget indicate about a coastline?

Sediment in equals sediment stored plus sediment out, indicating a stable coast.