Fraud

Plagiarism

Using someone else's work and presenting them as your own.

Falsification

Deliberately altering or misrepresenting data in research.

Fabrication

Making up data or results and presenting it as genuine.

Non-sequitur

A statement or conclusion that does not logically follow from the preceding argument or context.

Perverse incentives

Rewards or motivations that unintentionally encourage undesirable or harmful behavior.