Chapter 1: Why we communicate

Communication

The process of conveying emotions and ideas through language (symbols), body language, and tone to exchange meaning.

Goal of communication

To get the point across or convey intended messages effectively.

Proficiency in communication

The ability to perform a previously learned activity effectively.

Physical needs

Basic requirements that can be met through communication.

Relational needs

The necessity for communication to build and form new relationships.

Identity needs

Understanding oneself through interactions with others.

Spiritual needs

Values, morals, ethics, and personal beliefs communicated through interactions.

Instrumental needs

Practical communication used in daily activities, such as ordering or asking for directions.

Action model of communication

A one-way communication process where a source encodes a message, sends it through a channel, and the receiver decodes it.

Channel in communication

The medium through which the message is transmitted, such as voice or nonverbal cues.

Noise in communication

Anything that interferes with the interpretation of a message, including physical, psychological, and semantic barriers.

Interaction model of communication

A two-way communication process that involves feedback from the receiver to the sender.

Transaction model of communication

An ongoing communication process where all parties are simultaneously senders and receivers.

Characteristics of communication

Involves multiple channels, passes through perceptual filters, and provides both literal and relational meanings.

Explicit rules in communication

Clearly stated communication rules, such as written guidelines or signs.

Implicit rules in communication

Unwritten rules understood through social experience and context.

Interpersonal communication

Communication that occurs between two people within the context of their relationship.

Intrapersonal communication

Communication that occurs within an individual, such as self-talk.

Small group communication

Communication occurring within a group of people.

Mass communication

Communication intended for large audiences often through media.

Competent communicators

Individuals who are effective in reaching communication goals and adhere to social norms.

Self-monitoring in communication

Awareness of how one's communication impacts others.

Adaptability in communication

The ability to adjust communication tools and skills according to the audience.

Empathy in communication

The capacity to understand and share the feelings of others in communication.

Cognitive complexity

The ability to understand multiple perspectives in a situation.

Ethics in communication

The moral principles that guide communication behavior, which may vary culturally.

Feedback in communication

The response from the receiver that provides information back to the sender.

Perceptual filters in communication

Individual biases and experiences that affect how messages are interpreted.