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Communication
The process of conveying emotions and ideas through language (symbols), body language, and tone to exchange meaning.
Goal of communication
To get the point across or convey intended messages effectively.
Proficiency in communication
The ability to perform a previously learned activity effectively.
Physical needs
Basic requirements that can be met through communication.
Relational needs
The necessity for communication to build and form new relationships.
Identity needs
Understanding oneself through interactions with others.
Spiritual needs
Values, morals, ethics, and personal beliefs communicated through interactions.
Instrumental needs
Practical communication used in daily activities, such as ordering or asking for directions.
Action model of communication
A one-way communication process where a source encodes a message, sends it through a channel, and the receiver decodes it.
Channel in communication
The medium through which the message is transmitted, such as voice or nonverbal cues.
Noise in communication
Anything that interferes with the interpretation of a message, including physical, psychological, and semantic barriers.
Interaction model of communication
A two-way communication process that involves feedback from the receiver to the sender.
Transaction model of communication
An ongoing communication process where all parties are simultaneously senders and receivers.
Characteristics of communication
Involves multiple channels, passes through perceptual filters, and provides both literal and relational meanings.
Explicit rules in communication
Clearly stated communication rules, such as written guidelines or signs.
Implicit rules in communication
Unwritten rules understood through social experience and context.
Interpersonal communication
Communication that occurs between two people within the context of their relationship.
Intrapersonal communication
Communication that occurs within an individual, such as self-talk.
Small group communication
Communication occurring within a group of people.
Mass communication
Communication intended for large audiences often through media.
Competent communicators
Individuals who are effective in reaching communication goals and adhere to social norms.
Self-monitoring in communication
Awareness of how one's communication impacts others.
Adaptability in communication
The ability to adjust communication tools and skills according to the audience.
Empathy in communication
The capacity to understand and share the feelings of others in communication.
Cognitive complexity
The ability to understand multiple perspectives in a situation.
Ethics in communication
The moral principles that guide communication behavior, which may vary culturally.
Feedback in communication
The response from the receiver that provides information back to the sender.
Perceptual filters in communication
Individual biases and experiences that affect how messages are interpreted.
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