Kinesiology Muscular & Upper extremity analysis

Open kinetic chain

Beneficial in isolating a particular joint-concentrate on specific muscle groups

Closed kinetic chain

Distal end of extremity is fixed on a bar or

surface. Movement of one joint cannot occur without causing movements of other joints

Overload principle

Training effect occurs when a system is exercised at a level beyond which it is normally accustomed

Periodization

Intentional variance in a training program at regular

intervals

SAID Principle stands for what

Specific Adaptations to Imposed Demands

SAID Principle

The body will gradually adapt very specifically to the various stresses & overloads to which it

is subjected

SAID Principle – Example

Several weeks of strength training exercises for a particular joint through a limited range of motion

Specificity

Muscular strength, muscular endurance, & flexibility are not general body characteristics

Valsalva Maneuver

Holding breath while bearing down to lift heavy weights or trying to exhale against a closed epiglottis

Valsalva Maneuver Effects

Causes dramatic blood pressure increase followed by equally dramatic drop. Can cause lightheadedness & fainting, Lead to complications in heart disease patients

List phases of movement analysis

Stance phase, Prepatory phase, Movement phase, Follow-Through phase, Recovery phase

Stance phase

Allows athlete to assume acomfortable & balanced body position from which to initiate the sport skill

Preparatory phase

Cocking or wind-up phase. Lengthen the muscles to generate force & momentum when concentrically contract in next phase. Most critical phase in leading toward the desired result of

activity

Movement phase

A.k.a. acceleration, action, motion,or contact phase. Is the action part of the skill, Summation of force is generated directly to the ball, sport object,or opponent

Follow-through phase

Deceleration of involved limb or body

segment. Progressive velocity decrease over a wide range of motion. Eccentric activity in muscles that were antagonist to muscles utilized in movement phase

Recovery Phase

Used to regain balance & positioning to be ready for next demand. Often muscles used eccentrically in follow-through phase to decelerate the body or body segment will be used concentrically in recovery to bring about the initial return to a functional

position

List the components of fitness

Cardiovascular endurance, Muscular strength, flexibility, and body composition

Cardiovascular Endurance

The ability of the heart, lungs, and circulatory system to supply oxygen to working muscles during sustained physical activity. Activities such as running, cycling, swimming, or aerobic classes improve this component. It is often measured by VO2 max or endurance tests

Muscular strength

The maximum force a muscle or muscle group can exert in a single effort.

Flexibility

The ability of muscles to perform repeated contractions or sustain tension over time without fatigue.

Body Composition

The proportion of fat mass to fat-free mass (muscle, bone, and water) in the body.

list exercise variables

Frequency, Intensity, Duration, Volume

Frequency

The number of exercise sessions performed within a specific period, usually a week. It helps determine the total workload and recovery needs for adaptation.

Intensity

The level of effort applied during an exercise

Duration

The length of a single exercise session, typically measured in minutes for continuous activity or sets and repetitions for resistance training.

Type

The kind of exercise performed, such as aerobic (running, cycling), anaerobic (sprinting, high-intensity interval training), or resistance training (weightlifting).