fucntional anatomy of the vertebral column

lordosis

the cervical spine normal curve

kyphosis

thoracic spine normal curve

lordosis

lumbar spine normal curve

kyphosis

sacral spine normal curve

increase load bearing

what is the fucnrion of the curves in the spine

weight bearing, protection of cns and viscera, force attenuation, allows and guides movement, sites for muscular attachments, provides for upright posture 

functional roles of spine 

shock absorption, load bearing, transmitting forces

fucntion of the vertebral body sag

sagittal plane and horizontal axis

plane and axis for foreward and backward bending

frontal plane and sagittal axis

plane and axis for side bending

transverse plane and vertical axis 

plane and axis for rotation 

cartilaginous joints or interbody joints

the joints btwn vertebral bodes and interposed discs

facet joints or zygaphophyseal joints

joint made up of hyaline cartilage surface, fluid filled capsule and ligaments

side to side, superior and inferior, anterior/posterior, side to side tilting, rotation on a verrtical axis, A/P tilt 

what are the movements of the interbody joints 

flexion (forward bending), extension (backward bending), side bending/lateral flexion, rotation

whare are the facet moevemtns

innervated

outer joint capsule of facet joints is

vascularized

inner joint capsule of the facet joints is

superior artuclar process of inferior vertebrae

in a facet joint, the inferior articular process of the superior vertebraw articulates with…

limits wexcessive motion through capsular restrints, guides and permits motion within the segment 

what is the function of the facet joints 

opposite

upper cervical spine sidebending and roation coupled _______

same

lower cervical spine sidebending and rotation couples _____

opposite

thoracic spine in extension or neutral side bending and rotation coupled ______

same 

thoracic spine in flexion sidebending and rotation coupled ____

opposite

lumbar spine in extension or neutral sidebending and rotation coupled ______

same

lumbar spine in flexion sidebending and rotation coupled _____

the spinal posture and curves, orientation of the articulating facets, the compostion of intervertebral discs, the extensibilikty of the muscles ligaments and joint capsules

why is there coupled motion??

45 degrees horizontal 

cervical facet joint orientation 

60 degrees horizontal and inclinded medially 30 degrees

thoracic facet joint orientation

90 degrees from the horizontal and 45 degrees outward

lumbar facet joint orientation

binds/separates the vertebral bodies

permits movement

sustain weight and transfers loads to the vertebral body

function of intervertebral disc

type 1 — tension!

what type of collagen is the annulus of the intervertebral disc

type ii - compression 

what type of collagen is the nucelous pulpsus of the intervertebral disc 

vascularized

the outer layer of the annulus is ?

not vascularized

the inner layer of the annulus is ?

imbitition, nutrition, equalization of stress by distriburing forces, movement (rocking), with age it begins to dehydrate

fucntion of the nucleous

pressure is transmitted. it the end plate ruptures the nucleus will pass into the body causing pressure atrophy 

how is the cartilaginous end plate protective 

permit fluid exchnage between the disc and the vertebral body

how is the end plate active in a nutritional role?

diffusion of lymph thorugh the end plate and the osmotic properties of the nucleus

how does the disc get nutrition?

movement!!!!!

how does diffusion occur? like what does the spine need to get its nutrients

medial branch of the dorsal ramus 

innervation for the facet joint that exits at the same level and from the branch above (dual innervation for the facet joint)

sinuvertebral nerve and the gray ramus comminicans

innervation for the IV disc (the outer layer of annulus)

above

the spinal nerves exit ____ their corresposnfing verebral body level

below

the thoracic and lumabr spinal nerve roots exit ____ their corresponding vertebral body level