Quiz 2: Bone growth, stucture, & introduction to skull/cranium

Orbits

Eye sockets in the skull.

Anterior nasal aperture

Pear-shaped opening of the nose

External auditory meatus

Ear canal opening

Foramen magnum

Large opening at the base of the skull for the spinal cord.

Zygomatic arches

Arches forming the cheekbones.

Skull

Entire bony structure of the head (cranium + mandible).

Mandible

Lower jaw, only movable skull bone.

Cranium

Braincase, excluding mandible.

Calvarium

Dome/skullcap

Calotte

Section of the calvarium

Splanchnocranium

Facial skeleton

Neurocranium

Braincase protecting the brain

Sagittal

Midline suture dividing parietals.

Coronal

Between frontal and parietals.

Lambdoidal

Between occipital and parietals

Squamous

Between temporal and parietal

Basilar

At the base of the skull.

Metopic

Midline of frontal bone (may persist in adults)

Frontonasal

Between frontal and nasal bones

Internasal

Between paired nasal bones

Anterior

Soft spot at top/front of infant skull

Posterior

Soft spot at back of infant skull

Frontal squama

Vertical flat part of forehead

Frontal eminences

Rounded elevations on forehead

Temporal lines

Ridges for temporalis muscle.

Zygomatic processes

Projections joining cheekbones.

Superciliary arches

Brow ridges above eyes.

Supraorbital margins

Upper edges of eye sockets.

Supraorbital notches/foramina

Openings for nerves/vessels above orbits

Metopic suture

Midline suture of frontal bone.

Meningeal grooves

Grooves for meningeal arteries inside skull

Sagittal sulcus

Groove for superior sagittal sinus

Frontal crest

Internal ridge for falx cerebri.

Foramen cecum

Small hole at base of frontal crest

Arachnoid/granular foveae

Depressions for arachnoid granulations

Frontal angle (bregma)

Intersection of coronal & sagittal sutures.

Sphenoidal angle (pterion)

Junction of frontal, parietal, sphenoid, temporal.

Occipital angle (lambda)

Intersection of sagittal & lambdoid sutures

Mastoid angle

Junction of parietal, temporal, occipital.

Parietal tuber/boss/eminence

Rounded prominence on parietal.

Temporal lines (superior/inferior)

Muscle attachment ridges.

Parietal foramen

Small hole for emissary veins

Parietal striae

Radiating grooves near sutures.

Meningeal grooves

Grooves for meningeal arteries

Sagittal sulcus

Groove for superior sagittal sinus

Arachnoid foveae

Small pits for arachnoid granulations

Sigmoid sulcus

Groove for sigmoid sinus.

Temporal squama

Flat part of temporal bone.

Petrous pyramid

Dense portion housing inner ear.

External auditory meatus

Ear canal

Zygomatic process

Projection forming zygomatic arch.

Suprameatal crests

Ridges above ear canal.

Parietal notch

Indentation with parietal bone.

Mastoid process

Large bump behind ear

Mastoid foramen

Opening near mastoid process

Mastoid notch

Groove near mastoid process

Occipital groove

Groove for occipital artery.

Articular eminence

Projection forming TMJ.

Mandibular fossa

Depression for jaw articulation.

Tympanic part

Portion around ear canal.

Styloid process

Thin bony projection under ear.

Stylomastoid foramen

Opening between styloid & mastoid.

Vaginal process

Ridge surrounding styloid.

Jugular fossa

Depression for jugular bulb.

Carotid canal

Passage for internal carotid artery.

Internal auditory meatus

Canal for auditory/vestibular nerves.

Sigmoid sulcus

Groove for sigmoid sinus.

Nasion

Depression at junction of frontal and nasal bones.

Glabella

Smooth area between eyebrows.

Inion

External occipital protuberance at back of skull.

Bregma

Junction of sagittal and coronal sutures.