AP PSYCHOLOGY: Cognition Modules 2.5-2.7

Quiz 3

Semantic Memory

Memory of facts, concepts, and general knowledge that is not tied to personal experience.

Episodic Memory

Memory of personal experiences and specific events, including the time and place they occurred.

Memory Consolidation

The process by which short-term memories are converted into stable, long-term memories.

Implicit Memory

Unconscious memory of skills and conditioned responses that does not require deliberate recall.

Procedural Memory

A type of implicit memory that stores information about how to perform tasks, like riding a bike.

Prospective Memory

Remembering to perform an action or recall a plan in the future.

Context-Dependent Memory

Improved recall of information when the external environment is similar to the one during encoding.

Mood-Congruent Memory

The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one’s current mood.

State-Dependent Memory

Improved recall when one’s internal state (e.g., mood, drug, fatigue) matches the state during encoding.

Serial Position Effect

The tendency to recall the first and last items in a list better than the middle items.

Primacy Effect

The tendency to better recall items at the beginning of a list.

Recency Effect

The tendency to better recall items at the end of a list.

Metacognition

Thinking about one’s own thinking or awareness of one’s cognitive processes.

Forgetting Curve

A graph showing the rate at which memories fade over time if not reviewed or reinforced.

Autobiographical Memory

Memory of one’s own life experiences and personal history.

Anterograde Amnesia

Inability to form new long-term memories after a brain injury.

Retrograde Amnesia

Inability to recall information or events that occurred before a brain injury.

Proactive Interference

When old information interferes with learning new information.

Retroactive Interference

When new information interferes with recalling old information.

Encoding Failure

When information never enters long-term memory because it was not effectively processed.

Repression

Unconscious blocking of distressing memories from conscious awareness.

Source Amnesia

Forgetting where or how previously learned information was acquired.

Misinformation Effect

The distortion of memory due to exposure to misleading information after an event.

Constructive Memory

Memory that is influenced by imagination, perception, and beliefs, often leading to inaccuracies.

Imagination Inflation

An increased confidence in false memories after imagining the event.