Psych week 10

Somatogenic Hypothesis

Mental disorders come from biological or physical causes such as brain injury, genetics, or chemical imbalances.

Psychogenic Hypothesis

Mental disorders arise from psychological causes like trauma, stress, or negative thoughts.

Biopsychosocial Model

Mental illness is caused by a mix of biological, psychological, and social factors.

Diathesis-Stress Model

Mental illness occurs when someone with a predisposition encounters stress.

Mental Disorder

A condition affecting thinking, feeling, behavior, or mood that causes distress or problems in daily life.

DSM-5

A guide used to diagnose mental disorders, containing symptoms, criteria, and types.

Anxiety Disorders

Disorders involving excessive fear or worry, including panic disorder, phobias, and social anxiety.

Panic Disorder

Characterized by sudden, intense panic attacks with symptoms like heart racing and dizziness.

Agoraphobia

Fear of escaping difficult situations, typically leading to avoidance of crowds or public transport.

Social Anxiety Disorder

Fear of being judged in social situations, such as public speaking or eating in front of others.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Constant and excessive worry about various aspects of life, even when there is no real danger.

Phobias

Irrational fears of specific objects or situations where the fear exceeds the real threat.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Involves unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) to alleviate anxiety.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A condition resulting from trauma characterized by flashbacks, nightmares, and heightened stress.

Depression

Chronic sadness, loss of interest, energy, and changes in appetite or sleep patterns.

Bulimia Nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging to avoid weight gain.

Binge Eating Disorder

Eating large amounts in one sitting without purging, often resulting in guilt or shame.

Philippe Pinel

A French doctor who pioneered humane treatment for the mentally ill in the 1700s.

William Tuke

An English Quaker who promoted gentle care for the mentally ill, founding the York Retreat.

Psychotherapy

Talk therapy aimed at helping individuals address and manage their problems.

Sigmund Freud

The father of psychoanalysis known for his theories on unconscious conflicts and childhood influences.

Psychodynamic Therapies vs. Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis focuses deeply on unconscious and past issues, while psychodynamic therapy is shorter and more focused on current issues.

Existential and Humanistic Traditions

Therapeutic approaches focusing on self-growth, meaning, choice, and human goodness.

Carl Rogers

A humanistic therapist known for developing Client-Centered Therapy emphasizing empathy and client guidance.

Ivan Pavlov

A psychologist known for classical conditioning, demonstrated by dogs salivating at the sound of a bell.

B.F. Skinner

A psychologist known for operant conditioning, demonstrating that behavior is influenced by rewards and punishments.

Different Types of Therapy

Various therapeutic approaches including CBT, humanistic, psychodynamic, behavioral, group, and family therapy.

RCT (Randomized Controlled Trial)

A study design that tests treatment effectiveness by comparing treated and untreated groups.

Meta-Analysis

A study that synthesizes results from multiple research studies to identify overall trends.

Eclecticism

The integration of various therapeutic approaches tailored to the client's unique needs.

Proponents

Supporters of a particular method or idea, such as advocates for CBT.

Opponents

Critics of a particular method or idea, such as skeptics of psychoanalysis.