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Anti-Campaigns
Three anti-campaign launched in 1951 to target business people in order to tax and distribute wealth.
Boxer Rebellion
A group called 'boxers' rallied to drive foreigners from China, aiming to destroy the Qing dynasty and Western support.
Taiping Rebellion
A large scale rebellion against the Qing dynasty, resulting in 20-30 million deaths and significant loss of stability.
CCP (Chinese Communist Party)
Created by Mao Zedong, it controls modern China and seeks equality for lower class peasants.
Comfort Women
Women forced into sexual slavery by the Japanese Imperialist army during the Chinese Civil War.
Comintern
A communist organization started by the Soviet Union advocating for world communism, influencing the CCP.
Confucianism
A popular religion in China that classified society along yin and yang lines, dehumanizing women.
Cooperative Farms
Farms where land has an owner, but all work is done by a group of people.
Collective Farms
Farms where land is owned and maintained collectively.
Cultural Revolution
Mao's movement to remove the four olds, resulting in public confessions, beatings, and chaos.
Denunciation/Humiliation/Purges
Methods used to maintain control over the population by encouraging people to report on each other.
Double Tenth
The 1911 revolution that overthrew the Qing dynasty and ended thousands of years of imperial rule.
Five Year Plans
Economic plans emphasizing industrial development; resulted in significant famine and deaths.
Foreign Enclaves
Territories in China ruled by foreign powers, contributing to resentment towards imperialism.
Fourth of May Movement
An anti-imperialist political movement originating from student protests in 1919.
GMD (Guomindang)
Nationalist Party of China that was the ruling party from 1928-1949, later defeated by the CCP.
Great Leap Forward
CCP campaign aimed at industrializing China, resulting in mass famine and millions of deaths.
Guerilla Warfare
Military tactics involving small, fast-moving attacks by non-government forces.
Jiangxi Soviet
The territory governed by the CCP that was targeted by GMD encirclement campaigns.
Long March
The retreat of the Chinese Red Army from Jiangxi to Yan'an, allowing the CCP to regroup.
Mukden Incident
Japan's staged attack on its own railway as a pretext for invading China, triggering the Second Sino-Japanese War.
Sun’s Three Principles
Nationalism, democracy, and livelihood of the people proposed by Sun Yat-sen.
Treaty of Versailles
The treaty that ended WWI, contributing to resentment in China over territories given to Japan.
Twenty-Eight Bolsheviks
A group of Moscow graduates that briefly led the CCP before being removed during the Zunyi Conference.
United Front
The alliance between the GMD and CCP to unify China against common enemies.
Warlord Era
Period of political instability in China during which local warlords controlled regions.
White Terror
The violent suppression of communists by the GMD in 1927, marking the start of the civil war.
