AP lecture 1 and 2 exam III

Consists of passages that filter air and move air from the outside into the lungs where gas exchange occurs in the body

respiratory system

BLANK process of exchanging gases between the atmosphere and the cells of the body

respiration

BLANK moving air in and out of the lungs (breathing)

pulmonary ventilation

BLANK gas exchange between air and blood

external respiration

BLANK transport of gases in the blood to the cells

hemoglobin

BLANK exchange of gases between the blood and the cells

oxygen

BLANK releasing energy (and CO2) by using oxygen

cellular respiration

BLANK nitrous are opening that the air enters and leaves through

nose

BLANK is hollow space behind nose

nasal cavity

BLANK curl out for the lateral walls of the cavity

nasal conchae

BLANK receptors are located in the nasal cavity

olfactory

Nasal cavity is lined with BLANK with goblet cells

pseudostratisfied ciliated epithelium

BLANK in the membrane moves trapped particles toward the pharynx

cilia

BLANK air filled spaces in various cranial bones lined with mucous membranes

sinuses

If BLANK are inflamed, drainage can’t occur and mucous accumulates in sinuses and pressure can cause sinus headaches

mucous membrane

Main function of sinuses is to BLANK and warm air

reduce weight of skull

BLANK located between the nasal cavity and larynx - passageway for food and air

pharynx

BLANK air passage to trachea - prevents particles from entering the trachea and contains vocal cords

larynx

Adams apple is made of BLANK cartilage

thyroid

Lowest part of larynx is made of BLANK cartilage

cricoid

Supports epiglottis is the BLANK cartilage

epiglottis

BLANK is the flap which covers and uncovers entrance to larynx - uncovers so airs can get through and covers so food can not get through when swallowing

epiglottis

BLANK muscle fibers close larynx (glottis) during swallowing

false vocal cord

BLANK contains elastic fibers that produce vocal sounds when air is forced through them, causing them to vibrate

true vocal cords

BLANK opening between the vocal

glottisd

BLANK inflammation of the mucous membrane of the larynx - vocal cords can’t vibrate as easily and voice is hoarse

laryngitis

BLANK tube extending down into thoracic cavity, in front of esophagus - splits into right and left bronchi

trachea

The wall contains about 20 BLANK made from hyaline cartilage

C-shaped tracheal rings

The posterior portion of tracheal wall is filled with BLANK and BLANK

smooth muscle and CT

BLANK temporary opening in trachea to open passageway when blocked

tracheostomy

BLANK branched airways from the trachea to the alveolar sacs

bronchial tree

BLANK trachea splits at T5

Right and Left primary bronchi

BLANK 2 on the left and 3 on the right

secondary bronchi

BLANK small branches that enter each basic unit of the lung the lobule

bronchioles

BLANK relatively short and have air sacs, so are the first structures that can participate in gas exchage

respiratory bronchioles

BLANK extend from each respiratory bronchiole

alveolar ducts

BLANK bunch of alveoli

alveolar sacs

BLANK thin walled air sacs where gas exchange takes place

alveoli

BLANK has cartilaginous plates instead of rings in the trachea

bronchus

In large tubes, BLANK is lined with goblet cells

psudostratified ciliated columnar

The right and left lungs are separated by the BLANK and is enclosed by the diaphragm below and the thoracic cage around

mediastinum

What organs are within the mediastinum

heart, trachea, bronchi, blood vessels, esophagus

BLANK is region of lung, medially, where bronchus and blood vessels enter the lung tissue

hilus

BLANK covers each lung and internal organs

visceral pleura

BLANK lines thoracic cavity

partial pleura

BLANK potential space containing serous fluid to reduce friction

pleura cavity

BLANK breathing (moving air into and ut of the bronchial tree)

pulmonary ventilation

BLANK breathing in, inhaling

inspirtation

BLANK breathing out, exhaling

expiration

***The air pressure on the outside of the body and the air on the inside of lungs is BLANK

the same

***The diaphragm is made of BLANK stimulated by nerves

skeletal muscles fibers

***Skeletal muscle fibers are stimulated by BLANK

phrenic nerves

While diaphragm moves down, BLANK and other thoracic muscles contract and raise ribs and sternum

external intercostal muscles

***BLANK reduces surface tension and breaks things up into smaller peices

surfactant

BLANK (hyaline membrane disease) premature newborns are born to diabetic mother

respiratory distress syndrome

BLANK the ease with which the lungs can be expanded, distensibility

compliance