Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation Quiz

Who is Fredrick the wise?

Luther's Protector: He protected Luther from the Pope and the emperor through house arrest in a castle.

What are the concepts of corruption what do they do?

Indulgences: the church sold "Indulgences" to forgive people's sins and "help" the donators' relatives in purgatory, A coffer scam scheme/promise. Simony: buying and selling church offices, roles and sacred relics. All the money went to the Church, which ties in with corruption.

Who is Martin Luther?

A law-school dropout, Martin Luther criticized the Church and Lutheranism's founder.

Also took the Bible literally because it was the "ultimate spiritual authority".

Underwent conversion (law to religion) because he survived a thunderstorm

Also translated the Bible (which was in Latin) into the vernacular language

"Faith Alone": One of Lutheranism's main teachings. You only need faith and scripture to find salvation.

What corruption occurred?

Before the Renaissance began, people began to suspect the Church had corruption, and they labelled and burnt their critics as heretics. Also, some of the clergy had illegitimate children and secret marriages.

Who was Pope Leo the 10th?

Pope Leo X was the Pope during Martin Luther's time, and he excommunicated him.

What were the Financial costs of the Renaissance?

People in the present benefit from the Renaissance because they're tourist spots. This included the Building (of) St. Peters Basilica.

The Church paid for it using Simony, Indulgences, asking for more money and 10% tax

They claimed they used the money to help the poor and sick but they only used it to beautify their Churches

Who was Johann Tetzel?

(Main Salesman of Indulgences): Known to grant indulgences to people for the Church. Additionally, he was known to be a smooth talker. Through his sales, he became extremely wealthy.

What were the 95 Theses?

Martin Luther's Criticisms of the Church. He posted them on the Church door for everyone to see. It includes the "Indulgence" concept and how the Bible is the actual authority of Christianity.

Who lived in Wittenberg, Germany?

Martin Luther grew up there

What influence did the Guttenberg´s Printing Press have?

Martin Luther used this machine spread Lutherism (Martin Luther's teachings) far and gain traction. It took about 3 months for a book to be copied by hand, but the printing press made copying easier.

What is Propaganda?

Information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.

What is the Vernacular Language?

"The language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region." In this context it was the translation of the bible into German.

What is "Sola Scriptura"?

Translated from Latin, it means "Only Scripture". One of Luther's main points was to depend on the Bible instead of the Pope and take it literally.

Who is John Calvin?

A Swiss man who created Calvinism because Luther's teachings inspired him, and he thought Luther's ideas could be further developed with Calvinism's creation. Calvinism believes in predestination: your destiny has been eternally chosen by God.

What is the English Act of Supremacy and what is its connection to King Henry the 8th?

The English Reformation was led by King Henry the 8th.

What is the The English Act of Supremacy (1534)?

established the English Monarchy as the English Church's head, and it only changed the people in power. It didn't change the religion.

Why did Henry the 8th start a new Church?

King Henry the 8th wanted to end the Church because he wanted the monarchy to be in charge of the Church. He wanted power over England. Also he wanted an annulment with his first wife, Catherine of Argon.

Transubstantiation vs Consubstantiation?

Transubstantiation: Jesus's presence is in the bread and wine through the Body and Blood of Jesus.

Consubstantiation: Jesus's presence isn't in the bread and wine; it's a separate entity/symbol.

Sacraments?

Lutherism had 2 sacraments (Baptism and Communion) instead of 7, like Catholicism, because the Bible only mentioned five sacraments instead of all. In Lutheranism, the Bible was the singular source of religious truth.

What did the Council of Trent have to do with Counter-Reformation?

An Ecumenical council; It reaffirmed traditional Catholic views, and there were penalties for corruption among clergy. It also met on and off for 20 years. This meeting improved the Church's music, educated priests and fancy decorations.

What was the Institute of Seminaries?

The institute enabled Church leaders and parents to teach children and young adults to depend on Jesus's teachings. Students would qualify for temple blessings and prepare for their eternal life as graduation.

Who were the Society of Jesus, Jesuits (Ignatius of Loyala)?

Well-read and educated monks who defended and spread the Catholic faith. They also invented the idea that the clergy should be more trained.

What is an Inquisition?

A Church court system involving secret testimonies, torture and execution to decimate heretics. These workers were immoral to Catholics, resulting in new torture methods and witch hunts.