Vocab Unit 4 pt 2

natural law

Principle discovered through reason that governs human conduct

Social Contract

Contract with government where people give up freedom to avoid chaos

natural rights

Human rights from birth for life, liberty and property

Philosophe

“Philosopher” in French, person who wanted to reform society during the Enlightenment

Voltaire

Poet, essayist, historian, and philosopher known for writing with sarcasm and wit; imprisoned for criticizing the French government

laissez faire

System where the government stays out of the economy, ruled solely by supply and demand

Adam Smith

Scottish economist who wrote "An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations," shaping economics for 200 years

free market

Supply and demand regulated market

free enterprise system

Capitalism in which private businesses compete with little government interference

Censorship

Restricted access to ideas or information

Salon

Social gatherings for sharing ideas among artists, poets, writers, philosophers, and scientists

Baroque

Ornate style of art and architecture popular in France during the 1600s and 1700s

Rococo

Elegant style of art and architecture featuring shells, leaves, and flowers

enlightened despot

Absolute ruler who uses power to bring social change

Joseph II

Holy Roman Emperor in Austria known for modernizing government, abolishing serfdom, and supporting religious equality

Emigre

A person who flees their country for political reasons

Sans-culottes

Working-class individuals who radicalized the French Revolution, known for wearing long trousers

Jacobin

Member of a radical political club during the French Revolution

Suffrage

Right to vote

Maximilen Robespierre

French Revolutionary leader, member of the Jacobin party and Committee of Public Safety

Reign of Terror

Period during the French Revolution (September 1793 to July 1794) marked by arrests for anti-revolutionary sentiments

Guillotine

Device used for beheading during the Reign of Terror

Napoleon Bonaparte

Military leader who became council for life and later crowned himself Emperor of France

Nationalism

Belief that people in a nation, regardless of race or ethnicity, form a distinct group

Marseilles

Song that became the national anthem of France after being associated with French troops leaving a port city

Declaration of the rights of men and citizen

Flashcard:

A fundamental document from the French Revolution, adopted in 1789, that outlines individual and collective rights. It emphasizes principles such as equality, liberty, and fraternity, asserting that all men are born free and equal in rights.

Declaration of the rights of women

This document, authored by Olympe de Gouges in 1791, asserts that women should have the same rights as men, including political participation and social equality.

Olympe de Gouges

Wrote “Declaration of the Rights of Women” Protested the treatment of women, and addressed her concerns directly to Queen Marie Antoinette.

Marie Antoinette

The last queen of France before the French Revolution, she was the wife of Louis XVI. She was executed by guillotine in 1793, symbolizing the end of monarchy in France.

Louis XVI

King of France before the revolution, resisted reform, died by guillotine in 1793.

Father Miguel Hidalgo

Catholic Priest in Mexico, led mestizo in revolution against Spain.

Father Jose Morelos

Led movement in Southern Mexico, Called the Congress of childaneingo to form government, captured and executed as traitor.

Charlotte Corday

Assainated Jean Paul Marat, as part of the federalist movement, was later guillotined for murder.

Simon Bolivar

South American soldier, key in Latin American revolution for independence, died of Turberculoses in 1830