Geography (population)

Population Distribution

The pattern of where people live in a specific area or globally.

Global Population in 1650

500 million.

Global Population in 2024

8.1 billion.

Global Population in 2080

10.4 billion.

Global Population Growth Rate

65 million/year, 180,000/day, 125/minute, 2.1/second.

Main Areas of Population Growth

Mostly in the Global South (Africa, Asia, Latin America).

Population Trends in Africa by 2050

Will double to 2.5 billion.

Population Trends in Europe by 2100

Shrinking from 750 million to 650 million.

Reasons for Uneven Population Distribution

Due to climate, altitude, jobs, and infrastructure.

Population Density

Number of people per square kilometer (people/km²).

Population Density of Austria

108 people/km².

Largest Continent by Population

Asia with 4.7 billion people (59% of the world).

Most Populous Countries in 2023

India: 1.43 billion, China: 1.41 billion, USA: 330 million.

Megacity

A city with over 10 million people.

Location of Most Megacities

Mostly in Asia.

Suburbanization

Cities spreading into rural areas.

Push Factors for Migration

Poverty, unemployment, poor living conditions.

Pull Factors for Migration

Better jobs, education, and healthcare.

Types of Migration

Immigration, Emigration, Internal migration.

Consequences of Migration

Multiculturalism, integration, and assimilation.

Brain Drain

Skilled workers leaving a country.

Brain Gain

Attracting skilled workers to a country.

Five Phases of Demographic Transition

Pre-transition, Early transition, Mid-transition, Late transition, Post-transition.

Social Issues in Aging Populations

Not enough young people to support pensions.

Social Issues in Youth-Heavy Populations

Too many children, strain on schools and jobs.

Reasons for Population Growth

Unplanned births, families wanting more children for support.

Population Growth Formula

Population = Births + Immigration - Deaths - Emigration.

Shapes of Age Pyramids

Pyramid, Bell, Urn.

Problems with Pyramid-Shaped Age Pyramid

Too many children, not enough schools or jobs.

Problems with Urn-Shaped Age Pyramid

Aging population, not enough workers.

Ecumene

Places where people live or work.

Anoecumene

Empty or unused areas.

Semi-Ecumene

Transitional areas (e.g., mountain pastures).