BIOC 3022 - Quarter 3

What is the enzyme in step one of glycolysis (glucose to glucose-6-phosphate)?

Hexokinase

What is the enzyme in glycolysis step 2 (glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate)

Phosphoglucose isomerase

What is the enzyme in step three of glycolysis (fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate)

Phosphofructokinase

What are the two products formed from fructose-1,6-bisphosphate in step four of glycolysis?

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

What enzyme is used in glycolysis step four?

Aldolase

What is the enzyme used in step 5 of glycolysis?

Triophosphate isomerase

What is the purpose of step five in glycolysis

To make a second molecule of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

What is the enzyme used in step six of glycolysis?

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase

What is the enzyme used in step seven of glycolysis?

Phosphoglycerate kinase

What is the enzyme used in step eight of glycolysis?

Phosphoglyceromutase

What is the enzyme used in step nine of glycolysis?

Enolase

What is the enzyme used in step ten of glycolysis?

Pyruvate kinase

What is the starting material for step one in glycolysis

glucose

What is the starting material for step two in glycolysis

glucose-6-phosphate

What is the starting material for step three in glycolysis

fructose-6-phosphate

What is the starting material for step four in glycolysis

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

What is the starting material for step five in glycolysis

dihydroxyactetone phosphate

What is the starting material for step six in glycolysis

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

What is the starting material for step seven in glycolysis

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

What is the starting material for step eight in glycolysis

3-phosphoglycerate

What is the starting material for step nine in glycolysis

2-phosphoglycerate

What is the starting material for step ten in glycolysis

phosphopyruvate

What is the final product of glycolysis?

2 molecules of pyruvate

What two steps in glycolysis does a molecule of ATP produce ADP

steps one and three

What two steps in glycolysis does a molecule of ADP produce ATP

steps seven and ten

What two steps in glycolysis are two molecules of H2O released?

step nine

What step of glycolysis are two molecules of NAD+ and P turned into two molecules of NADH and H?

step six

What catalyzes the releases glucose from glycogen?

Glycogen Phosphorylase

What is the structure of Glycogen Phosphorylase

A dimer

What are the four binding sites of Glycogen Phosphorylase

Active site, allosteric effector site, glycogen binding site, and Ser14 phosphorylation site

What are the three irreversible steps in glycolysis?

One, three, and ten

What is the rate limiting step in glycolysis?

Step three

Converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA

Pyruvate processing

What does pyruvate processing release?

One molecule of CO2

In aerobic muscle, pyruvate processing allows __________, in anaerobic muscles, pyruvate processing ________________

Initiation of the Krebs Cycle, turns NADH into NAD+ to allow glycolysis to continue

What is the replenishment of TCA cycle intermediates

Aneupleurosis

Where does the Krebs cycle occur?

The mitochondrial matrix

What are the starting materials in the Krebs cycle?

acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate

What enzyme is used in step one of the Krebs cycle?

citrate synthase

What enzyme is used in step two of the Krebs cycle?

aconitase

What enzyme is used in step three of the Krebs cycle?

isocitrate dehydrogenase

What enzyme is used in step four of the Krebs cycle?

alpha-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

What enzyme is used in step five of the Krebs cycle?

succinyl CoA synthetase

What enzyme is used in step six of the Krebs cycle?

succinate dehydrogenase

What enzyme is used in step seven of the Krebs cycle?

fumerase

What enzyme is used in step eight of the Krebs cycle?

malate dehydrogenase

What is the product of step one in the Krebs cycle?

citrate

What is the product of step two in the Krebs cycle?

isocitrate

What is the product of step three in the Krebs cycle?

alpha-Ketaglutarate

What is the product of step four in the Krebs cycle?

Succinyl CoA

What is the product of step five in the Krebs cycle?

Succinate

What is the product of step six in the Krebs cycle?

Fumarate

What is the product of step seven in the Krebs cycle?

L-malate

What is the product of step eight in the Krebs cycle?

Oxalacetate

Which steps of the Krebs cycle use H2O?

two (second half) and seven

Which steps of the Krebs cycle release H2O?

two (first half)

Which steps use NAD+ and release NADH

three and eight

Which enzymes use NAD+ and release NADH

isocitrate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase

Which steps use NADH and release NAD+

four

Which enzymes use NADH and release NAD+

alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

Which steps release CO2

three (second half) and four

Which step uses GTP and releases GDP?

step five

Which enzyme uses GTP and releases GDP?

Succinyl CoA synthetase

Which step use FAD and releases FADH2?

step six

Which enzyme use FAD and releases FADH2?

succinate dehydrogenase