UNIT 3 NOTES | STUDY GUIDE | WORLD CIVILIZATIONS

A set of flashcards covering key concepts and events from Chapters 8 and 10 of the World Civilizations study guide.

What were the major agricultural products of Italy during the Roman era?

Grapes and olives were the major crops.

What civilization strongly influenced Rome before its establishment?

The Etruscans were an early civilization that influenced Rome.

What is the significance of the Latin group in the context of Rome's founding?

The Latins founded Rome around the 8th century BCE along the Tiber River.

What was established in Rome in 509 BCE after overthrowing the Etruscan kings?

The Roman Republic was established.

What body mainly controlled policy in the Roman Republic?

The Senate, made mainly of patricians, controlled policy and advised leaders.

Who were the common people of Rome and what was their initial political status?

Plebeians were the common people of Rome who initially had fewer rights.

What assembly represented the plebeians and was able to elect officials?

The Plebeian Assembly represented plebeians and could elect officials and pass laws.

What were the Punic Wars and what was their outcome?

They were three wars between Rome and Carthage, with Rome eventually destroying Carthage in 146 BCE.

Who was Julius Caesar and what happened to him in 44 BCE?

Julius Caesar conquered Gaul, became dictator for life, and was assassinated in 44 BCE.

What title did Octavian take as the first Roman emperor?

Augusta was the title taken by Octavian.

What was the Pax Romana?

The Pax Romana was a period of peace in Rome initiated by Augustus.

Who was Virgil and what is he known for?

Virgil was a Roman poet known for writing the epic Aeneid.

What significant action did Constantine take regarding Christianity?

Constantine legalized Christianity in 313 BCE.

What are the Five Pillars of Islam?

1. Profession of faith (Shahada) 2. Prayer 5 times daily 3. Charity to the poor 4. Fasting during Ramadan 5. Pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj).

What was the result of the Battle of Tours in 732?

The Frankish leader Charles Martel stopped Muslim expansion into Western Europe.

What was the main cause of the Crusades?

The Crusades were a series of wars between Christians and Muslims for control of Jerusalem.