Pre-AP World History Unit 9 - The European Renaissance

Renaissance

* __**1350 – 1550**__: a “__**rebirth**__” of ancient Greek and Roman knowledge

Humanism

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* importance of people improving their lives through gaining knowledge in a variety of subjects

Movable Type Printing Press

* invented in 1455 by Johannes Gutenberg
* allowed for the mass production of texts

Protestant Reformation

* Martin Luther started the __**[term]:**__


* A “protest” movement of certain practices of the Catholic Church

Justification by Faith

* Martin Luther had ideas called **[term]:**


* A person could be made good simply by faith in God’s mercy and love

Indulgences

* Certificates issued by the Church to __**reduce or cancel punishment**__ for a person’s sins


* People who purchased indulgences believed it would __**assure them admission**__ to heaven
* People also purchased indulgences for dead relatives and for __**forgiveness of future**__ sins

95 Theses

* Statements __**criticizing**__ indulgences and other church policies

Catholic Counter Reformation

* **was the Catholic Church’s response to the claims made by the Protestants** 

Jesuits

* (1540) – loyal to the Pope and sought out Protestant “heretics”

Council of Trent

*  lasted 18 years – reaffirmed Catholic beliefs

City-States

* were centers for political and cultural life in Italy

Leonardo Da Vinci

* **“**__**Renaissance Man**__**” -   painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, engineer, and mathematician**

Mona LIsa/Last Supper

* Da Vinci’s most famous works include the \[terms\]

Michelangelo

* **painter, sculptor, and architect.**

Sistine Chapel

* (1508 - 1512) Michelangelo painted the ceiling of the \[term\]

David/ The Pieta

* Michelangelo’s sculptures of the biblical __***[term]***__ and __***[term]***__ showed a __**revival of Greek style**__ and the introduction of __**realism**__

Niccolo Machiavelli

* wrote influential book entitled __**The Prince**__
* The Prince was concerned with how to get and keep political power
* Machiavelli believed that leaders must be __**strong and ruthless**__ to protect their states
* Machiavelli’s work was a __**rejection of Medieval principles**__ that stated that political leaders must work ethically and in accordance with Christian ideas

The Prince

* \[term\] was concerned with how to get and keep political power
* written by Niccolo Machiavelli

Nobles/Peasants/Townspeople/Patricians

* __**N:**__  **Dominated society although they were only a small proportion of the population – they held important political posts and served as advisors to the king**


* __**P & T:**__  **the majority of society, but their ranks became very diverse – patricians, burghers, and the poor**
* __**P:**__  **included wealthy industrialists, bankers, and merchants**

Christine di Pisan

* **wrote** __**The City of Women**__**, in which she made the case for using the** __**talents**__ **of women in society**

The City of Women

* **Christine de Pisan** wrote **[term]**, in which she made the case for using the **talents** of women in society

Johannes Gutenberg

* In 1455, __**[person]**__ of Germany invented a __**printing press**__ with __**movable metal type**__ that allowed for the mass production of texts

Martin Luther

* A German Monk


* Started the __**Protestant Reformation:**__
* A “protest” movement of certain practices of the Catholic Church
* Ideas called __**Justification by Faith:**__
* A person could be made good simply by __**faith in God’s mercy and love**__

Leo X

* trying to raise money to rebuild St. Peter’s Basilica
* Sold church positions
* Authorized sales of __**Indulgences**__
* Certificates issued by the Church to __**reduce or cancel punishment**__ for a person’s sins
* People who purchased indulgences believed it would __**assure them admission**__ to heaven

People also purchased indulgences for dead relatives and for **forgiveness of future** sins