Pre-AP World History Unit 9 - The European Renaissance

Renaissance

• 1350 – 1550: a “rebirth” of ancient Greek and Roman knowledge

Humanism

• importance of people improving their lives through gaining knowledge in a variety of subjects

Movable Type Printing Press

• invented in 1455 by Johannes Gutenberg

  • allowed for the mass production of texts

Protestant Reformation

• Martin Luther started the [term]:

• A “protest” movement of certain practices of the Catholic Church

Justification by Faith

• Martin Luther had ideas called [term]:

• A person could be made good simply by faith in God’s mercy and love

Indulgences

• Certificates issued by the Church to reduce or cancel punishment for a person’s sins

• People who purchased indulgences believed it would assure them admission to heaven

• People also purchased indulgences for dead relatives and for forgiveness of future sins

95 Theses

• Statements criticizing indulgences and other church policies

Catholic Counter Reformation

• was the Catholic Church’s response to the claims made by the Protestants

Jesuits

• (1540) – loyal to the Pope and sought out Protestant “heretics”

Council of Trent

• lasted 18 years – reaffirmed Catholic beliefs

City-States

• were centers for political and cultural life in Italy

Leonardo Da Vinci

• “Renaissance Man” -   painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, engineer, and mathematician

Mona LIsa/Last Supper

• Da Vinci’s most famous works include the [terms]

Michelangelo

• painter, sculptor, and architect.

Sistine Chapel

• (1508 - 1512) Michelangelo painted the ceiling of the [term]

David/ The Pieta

• Michelangelo’s sculptures of the biblical [term] and [term] showed a revival of Greek style and the introduction of realism

Niccolo Machiavelli

• wrote influential book entitled The Prince

  • The Prince was concerned with how to get and keep political power

• Machiavelli believed that leaders must be strong and ruthless to protect their states

• Machiavelli’s work was a rejection of Medieval principles that stated that political leaders must work ethically and in accordance with Christian ideas

The Prince

• [term] was concerned with how to get and keep political power

• written by Niccolo Machiavelli

Nobles/Peasants/Townspeople/Patricians

• N:  Dominated society although they were only a small proportion of the population – they held important political posts and served as advisors to the king

• P & T:  the majority of society, but their ranks became very diverse – patricians, burghers, and the poor

• P:  included wealthy industrialists, bankers, and merchants

Christine di Pisan

• wrote The City of Women, in which she made the case for using the talents of women in society

The City of Women

• Christine de Pisan wrote [term], in which she made the case for using the talents of women in society

Johannes Gutenberg

• In 1455, [person] of Germany invented a printing press with movable metal type that allowed for the mass production of texts

Martin Luther

• A German Monk

• Started the Protestant Reformation:

  • A “protest” movement of certain practices of the Catholic Church

• Ideas called Justification by Faith:

  • A person could be made good simply by faith in God’s mercy and love

Leo X

• trying to raise money to rebuild St. Peter’s Basilica

  • Sold church positions

  • Authorized sales of Indulgences

    • Certificates issued by the Church to reduce or cancel punishment for a person’s sins

    • People who purchased indulgences believed it would assure them admission to heaven

People also purchased indulgences for dead relatives and for forgiveness of future sins