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What is cellulose synthesized from and where is it produced?
Cellulose is synthesized from (1,4)-linked beta-D-glucan chains in the plasma membrane.
What is the role of the rosette complex in cellulose formation?
The rosette complex receives activated glucose (UDP-glucose) to generate cellulose.
Describe the process of embryogenesis in plants.
Embryogenesis is the transformation of a single-celled zygote into a multicellular embryonic plant and establishes a radial pattern of tissues and primary meristems.
What are the functions of apical meristems?
Apical meristems are located at the tips of shoots and roots and are responsible for elongation and primary growth.
What is phyllotaxy?
Phyllotaxy refers to the arrangement of leaves around a stem, which is determined by the activity of the shoot apical meristem (SAM).
What is the function of the vascular cambium?
The vascular cambium forms both xylem and phloem as well as rays of pith.
What is the main role of auxin in plant growth?
Auxin plays a crucial role in cell elongation, phototropism, and gravitropism.
How does light affect plant development?
Light triggers processes such as greening and inhibits hypocotyl expansion, as well as activating photoreceptors that translate light signals into developmental responses.
What are the two phases of flowering in plants?
The two phases of flowering are induction, where a plant becomes determined to flower and express flower formation genes, and the subsequent floral evocation where the SAM produces flowers.
What is the ABC model in flower development?
The ABC model describes three classes of genes (A, B, C) that interact to determine the formation of four floral organs: sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels.
What is vernalization in plants?
Vernalization is the effect of prolonged cold temperatures on flowering time, where cold promotes flowering by changing responsivity to photoperiod.
What are the key features of plant hormones?
Plant hormones are generally small molecules that act as growth stimulators or inhibitors and are effective in small quantities.
What role do cryptochromes and phototropins have in plants?
Cryptochromes perceive blue and UV-A wavelengths while phototropins control phototropism by responding to blue light.
What happens to phytochrome when red light is absorbed?
When phytochrome absorbs red light, it converts from Pr (inactive) to Pfr (active), which then initiates various plant responses.
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