Resources and Development and English Language Practice

This set of flashcards covers topics from the 'Resources and Development' geography chapter, including resource classification, land use, soil types, and conservation, as well as English language reading comprehension and vocabulary based on the provided class notes.

Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs, provided it is technologically accessible, __________ and __________ can be termed as 'Resource'.

economically feasible and culturally acceptable

Human beings interact with nature through __________ and create institutions to accelerate their economic development.

technology

On the basis of origin, resources can be classified as __________ and __________.

biotic and abiotic

Resources which are obtained from the biosphere and have life, such as human beings, flora and fauna, are called __________.

Biotic Resources

Resources which can be renewed or reproduced by physical, chemical, or mechanical processes are known as __________.

renewable or replenishable resources

Examples of non-renewable resources, which take millions of years in their formation and cannot be recycled, are __________.

fossil fuels

Territorial water and resources of a nation extend up to __________ ($19.2\,km$) from the coast.

$$12\,\text{nautical miles}$$

Oceanic resources beyond __________ of the Exclusive Economic Zone belong to open ocean and require international concurrence for use.

$$200\,km$$

India has the right to mine __________ nodules from the bed of the Indian Ocean in areas beyond the exclusive economic zone.

manganese

Materials in the environment which have the potential to satisfy human needs but lack the appropriate technical 'know-how' to access them are called __________.

stock

__________ are the subset of the stock which can be put into use with existing technical 'know-how' but whose use has not yet started.

Reserves

Sustainable economic development means development should take place without damaging the __________.

environment

The first International Earth Summit was held in June 1992 in __________, Brazil.

Rio de Janeiro

The world leaders in 1992 signed __________ to combat environmental damage, poverty, and disease through global co-operation.

Agenda 21

The states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and Madhya Pradesh are rich in __________ and __________ deposits.

minerals and coal

Gandhiji stated, 'There is enough for everybody's __________ and not for any body's __________.'

need; greed

Schumacher presented Gandhian philosophy in his 1974 book entitled __________.

Small is Beautiful

The concept of 'Sustainable Development' was introduced at a global level by the __________ in 1987.

Brundtland Commission Report

In India, plains provide facilities for agriculture and industry and account for __________ per cent of the land area.

$$43\%$$

The total geographical area of India is __________.

$$3.28\,\text{million sq km}$$

The desired forest area in India, as outlined in the National Forest Policy (1952), is __________ per cent of the geographical area.

$$33\%$$

There are approximately __________ of degraded land in India.

$$130\,\text{million hectares}$$

In states like Punjab and Haryana, __________ is a major cause of land degradation due to water logging.

over irrigation

The entire northern plains are made of __________ soil, which is deposited by the Indus, the Ganga, and the Brahmaputra.

alluvial

Old alluvial soil is called __________, while new alluvial soil is called __________.

Bangar; Khadar

Black soil, also known as __________ soil, is ideal for growing cotton.

regur

The reddish color in Red and Yellow soils is due to the diffusion of __________ in crystalline and metamorphic rocks.

iron

The word laterite is derived from the Latin word 'later', which means __________.

brick

When running water cuts through clayey soils and makes deep channels, it causes __________.

gully erosion

The method of dividing large fields into strips of grass to grow between crops to break the wind force is known as __________.

strip cropping

In the village of Sukhomajri, tree density increased from 13 per hectare in 1976 to __________ per hectare in 1992.

$$1,272$$

In the paragraph about political emancipation, the synonym for 'emancipation' provided in the box is __________.

liberation

According to the reading passage, Lencho predicted the coming of rain by looking at the __________ of clouds.

northeast huge mountains

In the poem 'A Tiger in the Zoo', the tiger is described as walking on pads of __________.

velvet quiet