Roosevelt and the New Deal

Chapter 18

New Deal

Roosevelt’s policies for ending the depression

polio

a paralyzing disease

gold standard

a system where 1 ounce of gold was equal to a set amount of dollars

bank holiday

closing remaining banks before bank runs could put them out of business

What events in Roosevelt’s life shaped his ideas and character?

Events in Roosevelt’s life that shaped his ideas and character was being in the NY senate, assistant secretary to the navy, and became the governor of New York. 

What was the nation’s condition when Roosevelt took office?

The nation’s condition when Roosevelt took office was that it was going through the great depression. 

hundred days

where congress passed 15 major acts to meet economic crisis within 100 days

fireside chats

direct talks where Roosevelt talked with the people and let them know what they were going to accomplish

sec (securities and exchange commission)

regulation of the stock market and prevent fraud

fdic (federal deposit insurance corporation)

provided government insurance for bank deposits up to a certain amount

aaa (agricultural adjustment administration)

farming program that paid farmers not to raise certain crops

ccc (civilian conservation corps)

relief program that offered men ages from 18-25 the opportunity to work for the national forestry service

What ideas did Roosevelt’s advisors support? 

The ideas that Roosevelt’s advisors supported were progressive ideas. 

How did the government restore confidence in the banking system again? 

The government restored confidence in the banking system again by ordering banks to set up a system to measure the health of the banking system.

What were the provisions of the AAA and the NIRA? 

The provisions for the AAA and the NIRA were NIRA setting prices, establishing minimum wages, and shortening work hours. The AAA reduced the agricultural surplus and raised prices for farmers who were struggling. 

What New Deal programs helped farmers and homeowners? 

New Deal programs that helped farmers and homeowners were the Agricultural Adjustment Administration and the homeowners loan association. 

What three New Deal programs provided relief to the unemployed? 

The three New Deal programs that provided relief to the unemployed were the social security act, federal emergency relief administration, and the resettlement act. 

deficit spending

borrowing money to pay for government programs

American Liberty League

opposed the new deal; business leaders and anti-new deal politicians from both parties

WPA (Work progress administration)

created jobs throughout the economy

NLRB (National Labor Relations Board)

organized the selections in factories by secret ballot to see if workers wanted a union

Binding arbitration

neutral party used to listen to both sides and decide issues

Sit-down strike

where workers would sit down, stop working, and refuse to leave

Social Security Act

provided security for the elderly and unemployed workers

What groups of people challenged Roosevelt and the New Deal? What concerns did they have?

Groups of people that challenged Roosevelt and the New Deal were The American Liberty League and Huey Long. They were concerned that it was headed toward socialism, bankruptcy, and dictatorship.

How did the Supreme Court’s ruling in Schechter v. United States affect the New Deal?

The Supreme Court’s ruling in Schechter v. United States declared NIRA unconstitutional and Roosevelt feared the rest of the New Deal would be struck down.

What provisions did the NLRA establish?

Provisions that the NLRA established were arbitrated deadlocked labor-management disputes, guaranteed democratic union elections, and penalize unfair labor practices by employers.

How did the Social Securities Act protect workers?

The Social Securities Act protected workers by giving them the right to receive benefits.

Frances Perkins

first woman appointed to cabinet post as secretary of labor; assigned women to lower-level jobs in the federal bureaucracy

Court-packing

Roosevelt's first mistake politically as president

Henry Morgenthau

treasury secretary who favored balancing the budget and cutting spending

John Maynard Keynes

published a book that discussed the causes of recessions

Broker state

working out conflicts among different interests

Safety net

safeguard and relief programs that protect against economic disasters

What events weakened Roosevelt’s reputation in 1937?

The events that weakened Roosevelt’s reputation in 1937 were the economic recession of 1937 and 1938.

What groups did Roosevelt’s last New Deal programs try to help?

Groups Roosevelt’s last New Deal programs tried to help were poor tenant farmers.

What was the legacy of Roosevelt’s New Deal?

The legacy of Roosevelt’s New Deal was people believing the government must protect the economy.

As governor of NY, Franklin Roosevelt won popularity by

helping people economically

During the Depression, many state governors declared “bank holidays” to

prevent bank runs

Roosevelt’s advisers who supported “New Nationalism” wanted government

to work with business

To fight the Depression, Roosevelt believed the first thing to do was

restore confidence in the banks

To regulate the stock market, the Roosevelt Administration created the

Securities and Exchange Commission

National Industrial Recovery Act set up

codes of fair competition

One main purpose of the Townsend plan was to

free up jobs for the unemployed

Although they disagreed on specifics, Roosevelt’s advisers favored government

invervention in the economy

The Emergency Banking Relief Act helped solve the banking crisis by

issuing licenses to banks that were found financially sound

The Agricultural Adjustment Administration tried to help farmers by

paying them not to grow crops

The Home Owners’ Loan Corporation

lengthened the mortgage repayment term and lowered rates

The Federal Number One program employed

people in the arts

While in the New York State Senate, Roosevelt won a reputation as a

progressive reformer

What position, appointed by Woodrow Wilson, did Roosevelt hold through World War I?

assistant secretary of the navy

Perhaps no group of Americans had been as badly hurt by the Depression as had the nations

farmers

What was the period called between March 9 & June 16, 1933, when Congress passed 15 major acts

the Hundred days

Who helped bring about the change in the African American and women’s vote?

First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt

To inform and reassure citizens, FDR addressed them directly by radio in what were called

fireside chats

Name of the New Deal program that provided some security for the elderly

Social Security Act

This act provided government insurance for bank deposits up to a certain amount

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation