GCSE citizenship!

What’s the role of the PM?

The Prime Minister is the head of government who leads the country, makes key decisions, and sets policies while working with Parliament.

What’s the role of the cabinet?

The Cabinet is a group of senior government ministers chosen by the Prime Minister who make important decisions and run different government departments.

How are laws made?

Laws are made when a bill is proposed, debated and approved by both Houses of Parliament, and then given Royal Assent by the monarch to become law.

What’s democracy and why does it matter?

Democracy is a system where people choose their leaders through voting, and it matters because it gives citizens a voice and ensures the government is accountable.

What’s the difference between democracy, dictatorship, monarchy?

Democracy is where people vote for leaders, dictatorship is where one person has total power without elections, and monarchy is where a king or queen is the head of state.

How do general elections work?

In a general election, people vote for an MP in their area, and the party with the most MPs in Parliament forms the government.

Who can vote and why does voting matter?

In the UK, citizens aged 18 or over can vote, and voting matters because it allows people to choose their government and have a say in decisions that affect their lives.

Why do people not vote?

People may not vote because they feel their vote doesn’t matter, they don’t trust politicians, they’re not interested in politics, or they don’t feel informed enough to choose.

What are pressure groups?

Organisations that try to influence government decisions and policies without being elected.

What are protests?

Public actions where people express their opinions or demand change, often by gathering, marching, or demonstrating.

What are petitions?

Formal requests signed by people to show support for an issue and try to persuade the government to take action.

What’s the role of police?

The police enforce the law, prevent crime, protect people and property, and investigate offences.

What’s the role of courts?

Courts hear and decide legal cases, ensuring justice is done for both criminal and civil matters.

What’s the role of judges?

Make decisions in court, interpret the law, and ensure trials are fair.

What’s the role of juries?

Groups of ordinary citizens who listen to evidence in a trial and decide whether the defendant is guilty or not.

What’s justice?

When people are treated fairly and laws are applied equally to protect everyone’s rights.

What’s fairness?

Treating people equally, giving everyone the same opportunities, and making decisions without bias.

What’s equality?

When everyone is treated the same and has the same rights, opportunities, and access to services.

What’s the rights of the accused?

Legal protections, like the right to a fair trial, the right to remain silent, and the right to legal representation.

What are key rights?

Right to life, freedom of speech, right to vote

What’s responsibilities?

Duties people must follow, like obeying the law, paying taxes, and respecting the rights of others.

What’s freedom of speech and it’s limits?

The right to express your opinions, but it’s limited by laws against hate speech, threats, or defamation.

How are rights protected in the UK?

Protected by laws, the courts, and the Human Rights Act, which ensures everyone is treated fairly and fairly enforced.

What are public services?

Services provided by the government, like the NHS, police, schools, and transport, to help and support everyone in society.

Why do we pay tax?

We pay taxes so the government can fund public services like the NHS, schools, roads, and the police.

What does the UN do?

The United Nations works to maintain peace, protect human rights, provide humanitarian aid, and help countries cooperate on global issues.

What are global issues?

Problems that affect many countries, such as war, poverty, climate change, disease, and human rights violations.

What’s the UKs role globally?

Helping with international aid, taking part in peacekeeping, trading with other countries, and supporting global agreements on issues like climate change.

What are ways to improve a campaign?

Using clear messages, reaching more people, providing strong evidence, working with others, and using social media effectively.

What’s democracy?

A system of government where people choose their leaders and have a say in decisions through voting.

What’s human rights?

Basic freedoms and protections that everyone is entitled to, like the right to life, freedom, and safety.

What’s pressure groups?

Organisations that try to influence government decisions or policies without being elected.

What’s the role of law?

Keep people safe, maintain order, protect rights, and ensure fairness in society.