Test 8 - part 3 - NMSM

Urinary

Urology

study of the urinary system

Regulates blood volume and fluid balance.

A physiologic function of the urinary system is...

Kidneys

The principal organs of the urinary system.

retroperitoneal, behind the peritoneum.

Both kidneys are...

Renal cortex

outer region of the kidney

Renal medulla

inner region of the kidney

hilus

The medial indentation where the renal arteries, veins, and ureters enter and exit.

If one kidney is removed, the other will increase its filtering capacity up to 80% of the capacity of two normal kidneys.

The kidneys function like separate organs...

Nephrons

Specialized, tube shaped structures in the kidneys that filter blood, reabsorb nutrients, and form urine.

Renal corpuscle

glomerulus and bowman's capsule combined

The glomerulus, and the peritubular capillaries.

Two main blood vessel networks:

Structures of the renal tubule

Renal tubule > proximal convoluted tubule > the loop of Henle (nephron loop) > distal convoluted tubule.

Collecting duct

Where the renal tubule ends

Juxtaglomerular cells

Mechanoreceptors within the afferent arteriole that monitor blood pressure.

Macula Densa

These are chemoreceptors within the distal convoluted tubule and monitor sodium chloride concentration levels.

Ureters

Two slender narrow tubes extending from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder.

Urinary bladder

An expandable sac that temporarily stores urine.

Transitional epithelium and folds called rugae, both of which help the bladder expand as it fills with urine.

The interior lining of the bladder contains...

Urethra

A narrow tube below the urinary bladder and transports urine out of the body.

Because the female urinary orifice is so close to the anal opening.

Why do females contract more UTIs than men?

Glomerular filtration

First phase of urine formation, the transfer of water and waste from the blood into the nephron.

Tubular reabsorption

The reabsorption of molecules, ions, and water from the filtrate into peritubular blood - these substances are necessary to maintain homeostasis.

Urination

The expelling of urine from the urinary bladder.

The secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Alcohol inhibits...

Interoceptors

they are the receptors involved in the self-awareness of hunger, thirst, and needing to urinate