Energy

what is a system?

An object/ group of objects.

What happens to energy storage when a system changes?

There are changes in the way the energy is stored

What should students be able to describe regarding energy storage?

Students should describe all the changes involved in the way energy is stored when a system changes.

Give an example of a system change involving an object projected upwards.

Energy changes as the object gains height and potential energy increases.

What happens when a moving object hits an obstacle?

Energy is transferred, often resulting in deformation, heat, or sound.

Describe the energy change when an object is accelerated by a constant force

The object's kinetic energy increases as work is done on it.

What is the law of conservation of energy?

Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change forms.

How does thermal energy relate to temperature?

Thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of particles, while temperature measures the average kinetic energy.

What is an example of energy transformation in a light bulb?

Electrical energy is transformed into light and thermal energy.

Explain how energy is transferred in a pendulum.

Energy shifts between kinetic and potential energy as the pendulum swings.

What is the equation for kinetic energy?

What is the equation for elastic potential energy?

What is the equation to calculate gravitational potential energy?

What is the equation to calculate the amount of energy stored in / released from a system as its temperature changes?

What is power?

The rate at which energy is transferred or the rate at which work is done.

What are the equations to calculate power?

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What are the equations for efficiency? (2)

Describe the ways to increase the efficiency of an intended energy transfer. (7) (need at least 2)

1. Minimize Energy Losses:

- Insulation: Use proper insulation to reduce heat loss in thermal systems.

- Friction Reduction: Employ lubricants in mechanical systems to minimize friction and wear.

2. Optimize Design:

- Streamlined Shapes: Design objects (like vehicles or pipes) to reduce drag and resistance.

- Efficient Components: Use high-efficiency motors, pumps, and transformers to convert energy more effectively.

3. Control Systems:

- Feedback Mechanisms: Implement control systems to adjust operation based on real-time performance data, ensuring optimal energy use.

- Smart Technologies: Use smart meters and IoT devices to monitor and optimize energy consumption.

4. Energy Recovery:

- Regenerative Braking: In electric vehicles, capture and reuse energy during braking.

- Heat Recovery: Recover waste heat from processes to be used in other applications (e.g., district heating).

5. Use of Renewable Energy:

- Direct Use of Renewable Sources: Utilize solar panels, wind turbines, or hydropower directly to reduce energy conversion losses.

6. Load Management:

- Demand Response: Adjust energy consumption based on availability and cost, shifting usage to off-peak times to enhance efficiency.

7. Education and Training:

- Awareness Programs: Train users and operators on efficient practices to ensure systems are used effectively.

Implementing these strategies can significantly enhance the efficiency of energy transfer across various applications.

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What are the main energy resources available on Earth?

Fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas), nuclear fuel, bio-fuel, wind, hydro-electricity, geothermal, tides, the Sun, and water waves.

What is a renewable energy resource?

An energy resource that is being (or can be) replenished as it is used.

What are the primary uses of energy resources?

Transport, electricity generation, and heating.

How can students describe the main energy sources available?

By identifying and listing the various energy resources such as fossil fuels, renewables, and nuclear fuel.

What is the difference between renewable and non-renewable energy resources?

Renewable resources can be replenished, while non-renewable resources are finite and deplete over time.

What are the uses of different energy resources?

Energy resources are used for transport, electricity generation, and heating.

What are some examples of renewable energy sources?

Solar energy, wind energy, hydroelectric power, geothermal energy, and biomass.

What are some examples of non-renewable energy sources?

Coal, oil, natural gas, and uranium.

What are the environmental impacts of fossil fuels?

Air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, habitat destruction, and water pollution.

How can energy efficiency be improved in households?

By using energy-efficient appliances, improving insulation, and utilizing smart home technology.

What is the concept of energy conservation?

Energy conservation involves reducing energy consumption through using less energy or increasing efficiency.

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