STAAR Quiz #5: Years, Wars, Battles, Cases, Industrial Rev, Reform

1607

1607

year Jamestown was established, 1st English colony in North America

1776

year the Declaration of Independence was written and signed/document stating that the 13 colonies were a free and independent nation

1787

year the Constitution was written.

1803

Louisiana Purchase - Thomas Jefferson purchased land from France for $15 million. This land was west of the Mississippi River and east of the Rocky Mountains and nearly doubled the size of the U.S.

1861

year the Civil War began.

1863

year Emancipation Proclamation in US became effective; Year of Gettysburg and Gettysburg Address

1865

year the Civil War ended.

FRENCH & INDIAN WAR

war between the French and British for control of North America. The result was taxes for the American colonists.

AMERICAN REVOLUTION

conflict between the British and their American colonists.

WAR OF 1812

war that began over the impressment of American sailors. Nothing changed after this war. Francis Scott Key wrote The Star Spangled Banner during this conflict.

MEXICAN-AMERICAN WAR

War that erupted over the annexation of Texas. It ended with Mexico giving the U.S. the Mexican Cession for $15 million.

CIVIL WAR

war between the North and South over slavery and states’ rights.

LEXINGTON & CONCORD

1775; conflicts between Massachusetts colonists and British soldiers that started the Revolutionary War "shot heard 'round the world"

SARATOGA

turning point of the American Revolution

YORKTOWN

final battle of the American Revolution.

BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS

Last major battle of the War of 1812; making Andrew Jackson a national hero and propelling him later to the presidency.

FORT SUMTER

opening shots of the Civil War were fired here

VICKSBURG

1863; Union Victory; siege in which the North took control of the Mississippi River; split Confederacy in two.

GETTYSBURG

1863; major Civil War battle; the Confederates never invaded the North again;turning point of the Civil War

APPOMATTOX COURTHOUSE

Lee surrendered to Grant here, ending the Civil War.

MARBURY v. MADISON

Supreme Court case that established judicial review.

MCCULLOCH v. MARYLAND

the Supreme Court ruled that national law is superior to state law; had to do with taxing the national bank in Maryland

GIBBONS v. OGDEN

The Supreme Court upheld broad congressional power to regulate interstate commerce. The Court's broad interpretation of the Constitution's commerce clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers.

DRED SCOTT DECISION

The Supreme Court ruled that slaves are property and therefore have no rights as citizens.

COTTAGE INDUSTRY

the production of goods in the home; producing goods by hand.

INDUSTRIALIZATION

the production of goods in a factory setting with the use of machines.

URBANIZATION

Process of a population's shifting from farms (rural areas) to cities, especially as a result of the Industrial Revolution during the 19th century

INTERCHANGEABLE PARTS

parts that could be used interchangeably in any machine or item that is the same.

TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

development of a system - roads, bridges, and canals, that allows for the transporting of goods in large quantities as well as people; Henry Clay's American System

TURNPIKE

road on which tolls are collected

STEAMBOAT

a ship that is powered by steam; carried passengers and gave farmers and merchants an inexpensive way to transport goods

CANAL

man made waterway usually connected to existing lakes, rivers, or oceans.

COTTON GIN

machine invented by Eli Whitney that quickly and easily removes the seeds from cotton. This allowed slaves to use their time to pick more cotton, thus causing slavery to continue.

TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION

the discovery and development of new ways of doing things using the latest technology. This usually improves the way people live and do things.

FACTORY SYSTEM - A method of production that brought many workers and machines together into one building

PRISON REFORM

movement led by Dorothea Dix; called for mentally unstable people to be moved into facilities dedicated to their care.

TEMPERANCE

social movement that called for the ban of alcohol sales and consumption.

WOMEN’S RIGHTS

movement led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott. They called for equal rights for women, including voting.

PUBLIC EDUCATION

Horace Mann led the common school movement. This would allow all children to be educated in the same setting; state funded and free to the public

ABOLITIONISTS

Movement to end slavery in the United States and its territories