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Why was the First Continental Congress made?
To figure out how to respond to the Coercive Acts.
What did they debate at the First Continental Congress?
How to best oppose British policy or negotiate with Parliament.
What is “CONGRESS” today?
The legislative branch of the U.S government.
What was “CONGRESS” back then?
A fancy word for a meeting.
What was the only colony that didn’t send representatives to the First Continental Congress?
Georgia.
How did Congress( 1st) put on the pressure?
They escalated the boycotts, sent a petition to King George explaining their rights, called on colonists to form militias, and declared the Intolerable Acts not legally valid.
What did King George do instead of repealing the Intolerable Acts?
He sent more troops to Boston.
Since so many people were spying for both sides, it wasn’t long before…?
General Gage learned that the colonial militia was storing an arsenal of weapons in Concord.
What did General Gage do after learning of the weapons arsenal in Concord?
Ordered his men to destroy it and to kill Samuel Adams and John Hancock.
Who told Paul Revere and William Dawes that the British regiment was preparing to march?
A Sons of Liberty spy who came across it.
What was Robert Newman told by Paul Revere?
He was told to keep watch from the Old North Church in Boston and to light one lantern if the British troops were coming by land and two if by sea.
How many lanterns did Robert Newman light as an alert of the British troops march?
Two lanterns to signify they were coming by sea.
What is the famous MIDNIGHT RIDE OF PAUL REVERE?
Paul Revere’s ride through Charleston and Lexington and Concord in which he shouted while riding “ The regulars are coming!”
What does “The regulars are coming” mean?
They are secret code words to warn the colonists that the British were coming.
What were the local militia called MINUTEMEN, for?
They were called MINUTEMEN because they could be ready in a minute.
How many minutemen were waiting when the 700 redcoats reached Lexington at dawn?
70 minutemen.
What was the first shot fired at the BATTLE OF LEXINGTON AND CONCORD known as?
It was known as “the shot heard ‘round the world’.
What was the result of the BATTLE OF LEXINGTON AND CONCORD?
The British quickly defeated the outnumbered minutemen, killing eight of the, and marched on to Concord.
What were the British leaving Concord surprised by?
More minutemen at the North Bridge, who killed almost 200 Redcoats.
What made the British troops, easy targets?
Their bright red jackets, which served as targets.
What were colonists who supported independence called?
PATRIOTS
What were colonists who remained loyal to Britain called?
LOYALISTS
What side did the majority of Native Americans take in the war?
The British because the British convinced many tribes to fight against colonials settling frontier regions.
What did the SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS meet and do?
Set up their own post office, make treaties with Native Americans, serve as an impromptu governing body, formed the CONTINENTAL ARMY with the Virginian George Washington as its commander.
What is the difference between the first and second continental congress?
The first continental congress wrote the Declaration of Rights and was before King George III chose to ignore it. The Second continental congress formed the CONTINENTAL ARMY.
What was the BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL?
The BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL was the battle on Bunker and Breed’s hill, and since the militias were low on ammunition, used strategy and proved they wouldn’t be defeated.
What were the militias told to do since they were low on ammunition?
To not fire until they could see ‘the whites of their eyes’.
What was the OLIVE BRANCH PETITION?
A petition to King George III sent by the SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS saying they still wanted to be loyal to England if the king would protect their rights, and urged him to negotiate on disputed issues with recognition that colonies should rule themselves on most matters.
What did King George III do in response to the OLIVE BRANCH PETITION?
Rejected the petition and hired 30,000 Hessian( mercenary) troops to right along with the British.
Mercenary
a professional soldier hired to serve in a foreign army
How did George Washington take back Boston?
He retrieved the weapons from Fort Ticonderoga, and the Connecticut militia h Colonel Henry Knox and his troops hauled heavy cannons from the fort over 300 miles by foot in the middle of winter.
Why did Sir William Howe and the redcoats surrender?
He saw that defeat in Boston was inevitable.
What Colonel Henry and his troops haul for over 300 miles?
Canons
Who wrote the famous pamphlet, ‘Common Sense’?
Thomas Paine
Why was ‘Common Sense’ so radical?
Paine blamed King George III personally--not just Parliament, during a time where countries were ruled by kings.
What did ‘Common Sense’, do?
Convinced many to support independence.
What was the DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE meant to explain?
The Lee Resolution
Who wrote the majority of the DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE?
Thomas Jefferson, writing on the ideas of John Locke.
E PLURIBUS UNUM
“Out of many, one”
Resolution
a formal expression of an opinion
When was the DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE adopted by the delegates, and the USA was born?
July 4th,1776
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