Topic 2.2 - European Colonization in North America (copy)

Francisco Coronado

A Spanish soldier and explorer; he was searching for gold and silver but only encountered the Pueblo Native Americans (Anasazi and Hohokam tribes) of the American southwest.

St. Augustine

First European colony established in the present day U.S.; it was established by Spain on the Atlantic Coast in present day Florida.

Samuel de Champlain

French explorer who explored the St. Lawrence River above present day New York and Lake Ontario and established a settlement known today as Quebec City.

Quebec

First permanent French settlement / city in North America, founded by Samuel de Champlain.

St. Lawrence River

First waterway / river area in present day Canada that was explored and settled by the French.

Marquette and Joliet

French Missionaries and fur traders who explored the upper Mississippi River region (present day Wisconsin and Illinois)

Jesuit Missionaries

French Catholic missionaries

Jesuit Missionaries

These missionaries were friendly and peaceful toward Native Americans and offered conversion to Catholicism.

Franciscan missionaries

These missionaries were hostile toward Native Americans and forced conversion to Catholicism.

Franciscan missionaries

Spanish Catholic missionaries

coureur de bois

French trapper; translates to "forest runner"

Henry Hudson

An English explorer who explored for the Dutch. He founded present day New York City and called it New Netherland. He also had the Hudson Bay named for him

New Netherlands / New Amsterdam

What was the Dutch name for their colony in present day New York (state) and what was their Dutch capital called?

Dutch West India Company

Trading company chartered by the Dutch government to conduct its merchants' trade in the Americas and Africa.

1. Enclosure Acts
2. huge population boom starting in 1550 (between 1580-1650 population from 3.5 million to 5 million)
3. high inflation in England / decline in wages in England / escape the likelihood of lifelong poverty in England
4. enforcement of vagrancy laws (landowners wanted homeless people off their land)
5. escape jail terms

What were the different "push factors" for English exploration / settlement?

1. religious freedom in the colonies
2. opportunity to own land in the colonies

What were the different "pull factors" for English exploration / settlement?

Enclosure Acts

A series of laws enacted by the British government that enabled landowners to purchase and fence in the land for their own use; the land had previously been considered "common land" to be used by anyone.

Richard Hakluyt

English promoter of exploration. In 1584 he wrote A Discourse Concerning Western Planting.

A Discourse Concerning Western Planting (1584)

Written by Richard Hakluyt; this book focused on the trip and advantages of the new world. It was written to encourage Queen Elizabeth to support English colonization of North America.

English defeat of the Spanish Armada (1588)

Allowed the English to increase their navel power and encouraged more English exploration in the world.

joint stock companies

businesses formed by groups of people, with the purpose of funding a trip to the New World, and who jointly make an investment and share in the profits from such a trip