English Final Bruno

Native American/Pre-Colonial

Period characterized by circular thinking and oral storytelling traditions passed down through generations

Puritan/Colonial Age

Super religious period in American history, during which the famous novel 'The Scarlet Letter' was written

Age of Reason

Period marked by a shift towards logical and critical thinking, which overshadowed religious beliefs

Captain John Smith

Founder of Jamestown and controversial figure who referred to Native Americans as 'Savages, Barbarians, and the antichrist'

William Bradford

Founder of Plymouth Colony and author who documented the first Thanksgiving

Anne Bradstreet

First female poet in America, known for her poem 'To My Dear and Loving Husband'

Jonathan Edwards

Prominent preacher who delivered the highly quoted sermon 'Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God'

Patrick Henry

Member of the House of Burgesses and renowned for his speech 'Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death'
"Speech in the Virgnia Convention"
Rev period

Thomas Paine

Author of influential works such as 'Common Sense' and 'The Crisis', advocating for independence "These are the times that try men's souls"

Thomas Jefferson

Author of the Declaration of Independence, heavily influenced by the ideas of philosopher John Locke

Mary Rowlandson

Captured by Native Americans, she wrote a narrative about her captivity and her changing attitude towards her captors

Lynn Truss

Author of 'Eats, Shoots and Leaves', known for her strict adherence to grammar rules

Ann Hutchinson

Interpreted the Bible and was banished to Rhode Island, considered a pioneering feminist of her time

Jonathan Winthrop

Leader of Massachusetts Bay Colony, established the court system in Boston

Socrates

Philosopher known for his method of questioning and engaging in philosophical seminars

Plato

Philosopher who wrote the 'Allegory of the Cave' and believed in the theory of ideal forms

Aristotle

Philosopher who believed in free will and developed the part-whole theory

Descartes

Philosopher who advocated for the separation of the body and soul

Immanuel Kant

Philosopher who defined enlightenment as 'the self state of minority'

John Locke

Enlightenment philosopher who greatly influenced Thomas Jefferson and believed in the concept of natural law

Metaphor

Figure of speech that compares two unlike things without using 'like' or 'as'

Aphorism

Concise and pithy observation that contains a general truth

ex) putting a dog down

Alliteration

Repetition of sounds, usually initial consonant sounds, for a dramatic effect

Allusion

Reference to a well-known event, person, or work of literature

Extended Metaphor

Metaphor that is developed over multiple sentences or throughout an entire work

Simile

Figure of speech that compares two unlike things using 'like' or 'as'

Analogy

Comparison between two things used for explanation or clarification

Tone

The general character or attitude of a place or piece of writing

Diction

The choice and use of words in writing or speech

Imagery

The use of vivid and descriptive language that appeals to the five senses

Ethos, Pathos, Logos

Rhetorical appeals used to persuade an audience: credibility, emotion, and logic

Hyperbole

Exaggeration used for dramatic effect or emphasis

Bias

The author's opinion or inclination towards a particular subject expressed in their work

Antithesis

A contrast or opposition between two things

Parallelism

The correspondence or similarity between two things, often in sentence structure

Personification

Attributing human characteristics to non-living things

Onomatopoeia

The use of words that imitate sounds

ex) boom

Free Will

The ability to make choices without constraint or predetermined fate

Theory of Forms/World of Ideas

Philosophical concept of infinite, perfect, and ideal forms that exist beyond the physical world

Historical Perspective

Understanding events and ideas in the context of their historical time period

Predestination

The belief that one's fate is predetermined by a higher power

Sin, Law, and Rights

Concepts related to morality, governance, and individual liberties

Intention

The author's purpose or objective in writing a particular piece

Symbolism

The use of symbols to represent deeper meanings or concepts

Allegory of the Cave

Plato's metaphorical story that explores the nature of reality and the human condition

MLA header

Formatting style used for academic papers, including the author's name, instructor's name, course title, and date

MLA in-text citation

Method of citing sources within the text of an academic paper, including the author's last name and page number

Essay format

The structure and organization of an academic essay, including introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion

What does Holden mean when he says that his brother D.B. is out in Hollywood "being a prostitute"?

He is giving people what they want. He is being metaphorical. D.B. writes movie scripts there

Where is Holden as the story begins

He is in some sort of mental institution program

Where and what is Pencey Prep

It is in Pennsylvania and is a boys boarding school.

How did Holden let the fencing team down?

They were going to New York and he forgot the team equipment on the subway.

Why is Holden being kicked out of Pencey Prep?

He is kicked out for failing 4/5 of classes. The only class he passed was English

Who is Mr. Spencer and why does Holden visit him?

Mr. Spencer is his teacher. He wrote Holden a letter to come and visit him before he leavers. He took time to have interest in him and skipped the game for him. He cares enough to call out Holden and tells hims to get his life together. He, Holder, is looking for someone to understand him and does not get that understanding from Mr. Spencer.

Who is Ackley? Describe him

Acne--> "Ack!" He has acne and is in the room next door to Holden. he has bad dental hygiene and really bad manners. He is a catholic

What does Ackley do that annoys Holden in Catcher in the Rye?

He walks around Holden's room, picks up all this stuff, and put it back in the wrong place.One item was Holden's picture of a girl he "used to go around with" named Sally Hayes.Holden gives up and starts to "horse around"-- Pulling hunting cap over his eyes and pretending to be blind.Remind us how he said he sometimes acts like he's 12Ackley asks about the hat and informs him that it is a deer-hunting hat.Holden syas no and that it is a people-shooting hat.Ackely proceeds to cut his toenails and leave the clippings

Who is Stradlater? Why does Holden refer to him as a "secret slob"? What does he look like?

He is a slob. He acts like he has it all put together but he does not

Who is Allie, and why is his baseball mitt so special to Holden?

Allie would write poems on his mitt when he was bored out in the outfield. He died young of Leukemia. Notice: At age 13, his brother died. This is around the time when he started getting kicked out of school. His parents wanted him to be psychoanalyzed.

Who is Phoebe, and what is Holden's opinion of her?

His sister whom he loves. She is very funny and cool. She has a really nice and spontaneous personality. She is very self assured compared to Holden. She is 10 years old

Why does Holden leave Ernie's?

Holden leaves Ernie's because he saw D.B's ex girlfriend, Lillian Simmons. He thought that she was a phony because he assumed she was just talking to him so Holden would tell D.B. that he saw her. He thinks that Lillian is pretentious by standing in the middle of the walkway

Who was Luce to Holden?

He went to school with Holden at Whooten. Holden didn't particularly like him. Holden even calls him, "strictly a pain in the ass." Luce seems very homophobic as does Holden in this chapter. Luce is probably not the casanova he makes himself out to be. Luce gives sex talks even though he is likely not experienced

What happens to Holden at the Wicker Bar in of mice and men?

He talks to the pianist at the bar. He needed someone to talk to since he's, "feeling so damn depressed and lonesome."

What does Holden find so intriguing about Phoebe's note-book?

He was intrigued because Phoebe wrote her middle name as "Weatherfield" when in actuality, it is "Josephine." Holden is charmed by her innocence.

What does Holden tell Phoebe he'd like to be?

Holden says he would like to be a catcher in the rye, and stand at the edge of the cliff and catch the chldren when they are close to falling off. He has a desire to keep children innocent and wants to save them.

Who is Mr. Antolini?

Mr. Antolini is Holden's old teacher from Elkton Hills. He was Holden's favorite teacher. He told Holden to get his life together

What does Holden give to Phoebe?

Holden gives Phoebe his red hunting hat and pieces of the broken record

Why does he keep repeating, "Allie, don't let me disappear"?

He's alone, nobody knows that he is in the city and feels weak, unseen, almost sick. He is pleading with Allie to watch him so that he literally does not disappear into the bigness of New York, his mind, or possibly life itself

What does Holden decide he must do next? Where does he first go?

He decided he must go west to work on a ranch. He is going to say goodbye to Phoebe and have lunch with her

What is the carrousel symbolic of?

It is cyclical; life keeps going and going. It symbolizes childhood; Holden is afraid of growing up

Of Mice and Men is written by

John Steinbeck

the novel Of Mice And Men is set in the state of...

California

this character is described as being a "huge man, shapeless of face, with large pale eyes and wide sloping shoulders. he walked heavily, dragging his feet"

lennie

this character is described as being "small and quick, dark of face with restless eyes and sharp, strong features."

george

this character is described as being "a thin young man with a brown face, brown eyes, and a head of tightly curled hair. he wore a glove on his left hand, and, like the boss, wore high-heeled boots"

curley

one of the first people George and Lennie meet at the ranch is an old swamper named...

candy

who used to give Lennie what he liked to keep in his pocket in of mice and men?

his aunt Clara

how are the two men, George and Lennie, different from the other migrant workers in of mice and men?

they have a deep connection and friendship with eachother

the old dog in of mice and men belonged too...

candy

who first suggests that they shoot the old dog and replace it with one of the new puppies in Of Mice And Men?

carlson

what limb is Candy missing?

a hand

who kills candys dog?

Carlson

why does Curley attack Lennie in of mice and men?

Lennie was smiling and Curley assumed he was making fun of him

What is significant about the letter whit reads from the western magazine in Of Mice and Men?

it was written by a former ranch hand they had known

what does crooks say that frightens and enrages lennie?

George isn't coming back

How does lennie die

George shoots him in the back of the head

Imagry

language that appeals to the senses

Myth

A traditional story about gods, ancestors, or heroes, told to explain the natural world or the customs and beliefs of a society.

Figurative vs literal language

nature of speech including figures of speech vs. words do not deviate from their defined meaning

Inversion

inverted order of words in a sentence (variation of the subject-verb-object order) (Yoda talk)

iambic pentameter

a poetic meter that is made up of 5 stressed syllables each followed by an unstressed syllable

Oxymoron

A figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.

Idiom

A common, often used expression that doesn't make sense if you take it literally.

Synecdoche

a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa

Heroic cuplet

A couplet of two lines of iambic pentameter with the same end rhymes forming a logical whole.

Rhetoric

the art of using language effectively and persuasively

What are the 4 types of a thesis statement?

1. Argumentative
2. Analytical
3.Descriptive
4. Cause and Effect

Ben Franklin wrote..

"The Autobiography", "Poor Richard's Almanac"
"Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy wealthy and wise"

Abigal Adams

"Letter to John Adams"

Spenser to Holden famous quote

"Life is a game Holden, you gotta know how to play

Oldaugh Equiano

"The life of Oldaugh Equiano"
Abolitionist who wrote about his personal experiences as a slave