Chapter 19: Elements and Their Properties

Calcium

Calcium

________ is seldom used as a free metal, but its compounds are needed for life.

Antimony

________ is a metalloid, and bismuth is a metal.

Graphite

________ is a black powder that consists of hexagonal layers of carbon atoms.

Phosphorus

________ is a nonmetal that has three allotropes.

Mercury

________ is the only metal that is not a solid at room temperature.

Aluminum

________ is used frequently in the construction of air- planes because it is light and strong.

Halogen lights

________ contain small amounts of bromine or iodine.

Radioactive Element

________: one in which the nucleus breaks down and gives off particles and energy.

Sulfur

________ is a nonmetal that exists in several allotropic forms.

cerium

Lanthanum, ________, praseodymium, and samarium are used with carbon to make a compound that is used extensively by the motion picture industry.

chemical reactions

In ________, metals tend to give up electrons easily because of the strength of charge of the protons in the nucleus.

poor conductors of heat

As a group, nonmetals are ________ and electricity.

Ductile

________: can be drawn into wires.

Fluorine

________ is the most chemically active of all elements.

Uranium

________ is best known for its use in nuclear reactors and in weapons applications, but one of its compounds has been used as photographic toner, as well.

Silicon

________ is second only to oxygen in abundance in Earths crust.

Sublimation

________: The process of a solid changing directly to a vapor without forming a liquid.

Zinc

________ and cadmium often are used to coat, or plate, other metals such as iron because of this protective quality.

Chromium

________ is important because it is used to harden steel, to manufacture stainless steel, and to form other alloys.

Thorium

________ and uranium are the actinides found in the Earths crust in usable quantities.

Hydrogen

________ can gain an electron when it combines with alkali and alkaline earth metals.

Allotropes

________: different forms of the same element, have different molecular structures.

Carbon

________ occurs as an element in coal and as a compound in oil, natural gas, and foods.

Chlorine compounds

________ are used to disinfect water.

Semiconductors

________: elements that conduct an electric current under certain conditions.

reactive diatomic covalent

In the gaseous state, the halogens form ________ molecules and can be identified by their distinctive colors.

Nitrogen

________ is the fourth most abundant element in your body.

Copper

________ often is used in electrical wiring because of its superior ability to conduct electricity and its relatively low cost.

Diatomic Molecule

________: consists of two atoms of the same element in a covalent bond.

Metalloids

________: an form ionic and covalent bonds with other elements and can have metallic and nonmetallic properties.

Nonmetals

________: elements that usually are gases or brittle solids at room temperature.

Metallic Bonding

________: positively charged metallic ions are surrounded by a cloud of electrons.

Magnesium metal

________ is one of the metals used to produce the brilliant white color in fireworks.

Mercury

________ is a silvery, liquid metal- the only metal that is a liquid at room temperature.

ductile

Like other metals, Group 1 metals are shiny, malleable, and ________.

Sulfur

________ combines with metals to form sulfides of such distinctive colors that they are used as pigments in paints.

Metals

________: usually have common properties- they are good conductors of heat and electricity, and all but one are solid at room temperature.

Silicon

________ occurs as two allotropes.

Hydrogen

________ is highly reactive.

Mercury

________ is poisonous and can accumulate in the body.

Malleable

can be hammered or rolled into sheets

Ductile

can be drawn into wires

Radioactive Element

one in which the nucleus breaks down and gives off particles and energy

Transition Elements

elements in Groups 3 through 12 in the periodic table

Nonmetals

elements that usually are gases or brittle solids at room temperature

Diatomic Molecule

consists of two atoms of the same element in a covalent bond

Salt

an ionic compound

Sublimation

The process of a solid changing directly to a vapor without forming a liquid

Metalloids

an form ionic and covalent bonds with other elements and can have metallic and nonmetallic properties

Allotropes

different forms of the same element, have different molecular structures

Semiconductors

elements that conduct an electric current under certain conditions

Transuranium Elements

Elements having more than 92 protons, the atomic number of uranium