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Intelligence
The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.
Spearman's g
Charles Spearman's theory that intelligence consists of a general ability factor (g) and specific abilities (s).
Multiple intelligences
Howard Gardner's theory that proposes eight types of intelligence: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic.
Emotional Intelligence
The ability to recognize, understand, and manage our own emotions and the emotions of others.
IQ (Intelligence Quotient)
A measure of intelligence derived from standardized tests, often with an average score of 100.
Nature vs. Nurture
The debate over the relative contributions of genetic inheritance (nature) and environment (nurture) to an individual's intelligence.
Savant syndrome
A condition where a person with a developmental condition, often autism, demonstrates profound abilities in a specific area.
Triarchic theory of intelligence
Robert Sternberg's theory that intelligence consists of three parts: analytical, creative, and practical intelligence.
Standardization
The process of developing and using uniform procedures for administering and scoring a test.
Reliability
The consistency of a psychological test's results over time or across different raters.
Validity
The extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure.
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
A widely used intelligence test that measures cognitive abilities in adults.
Cattell's fluid and crystallized intelligence
Raymond Cattell's theory dividing intelligence into fluid intelligence (problem solving) and crystallized intelligence (knowledge acquired from experience).
David Wechsler
Psychologist known for developing the Wechsler scales, which measure intelligence in children and adults.
Emotional quotient (EQ)
A measure of emotional intelligence that relates to a person's ability to identify, assess, and control emotions.
Intelligence test
A standardized assessment used to measure an individual's intellectual capabilities.
Stanford-Binet scale
An intelligence test that measures five areas of cognitive ability and is often used for children.
Creative intelligence
The ability to generate new ideas and innovate in thinking.
Analytical intelligence
The ability to analyze and evaluate ideas, solve problems, and make decisions.
Practical intelligence
The ability to apply knowledge to real-world situations, often referred to as 'street smarts'.
Flynn effect
The observed rise over time in standardized intelligence test scores; named after James Flynn.
Cognitive ability
Mental capabilities related to learning, reasoning, problem-solving, and decision-making.
Test bias
A situation where a test unfairly disadvantages a particular group.
Achievement test
A test designed to assess knowledge and skills in a specific subject area.
Aptitude test
A test that measures a person's potential to learn a new skill or perform a task.
Cultural intelligence
The capability to relate and adapt to various cultural contexts.
Intelligence by age
The concept that intelligence levels can change with age and experience.
Educational implications of intelligence
How varying levels of intelligence can influence learning styles and educational outcomes.
Heritability of intelligence
The proportion of variation in intelligence among individuals that can be attributed to genetic factors.
Grit
A personality trait characterized by perseverance and passion for long-term goals.
Adaptation
The process of adjusting one's thinking and behavior in response to new information or experiences.
Learning styles
The preferred ways individuals learn or process information.
Meta-cognition
Awareness and understanding of one’s own thought processes.
Mindset
The underlying beliefs people have about their abilities and intelligence, often classified as fixed or growth.
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