IETLS Vocab - GLOBALIZATION

developing countries

countries with little industrial and economic activity, low incomes – các nước đang phát triển – noun

developed countries

countries with high industrial and economic activity, high incomes – các nước phát triển – noun

emerging economy / emerging market economy

economy growing toward being developed – nền kinh tế mới nổi – noun

global village

world seen as a single community due to media & transport – làng toàn cầu – noun

global economy

economy of the world, economies interrelated – kinh tế toàn cầu – noun

global trade

exchange of goods and services between countries – thương mại toàn cầu – noun

interrelated

connected to each other – có liên quan, gắn kết – adj

sweatshop

workplace with poor conditions & very low wages – xưởng bóc lột – noun

outsourcing

using external providers, often abroad, to do work – thuê ngoài – noun

offshore outsourcing

outsourcing to other countries – thuê ngoài ở nước ngoài – noun

loss of identity

losing cultural uniqueness – mất bản sắc – noun phrase

prosperity

being successful, often financially – sự thịnh vượng – noun

standard of living

level of material comfort and quality of life – mức sống – noun

Human Development Index (HDI)

UN index based on health, education, living standards – chỉ số phát triển con người – noun

consumerism

belief that buying more goods is good for society – chủ nghĩa tiêu dùng – noun

immigration

coming to live in a foreign country – nhập cư – noun

emigration

leaving own country to live elsewhere – di cư – noun

cultural convergence

cultures becoming more alike – hội tụ văn hóa – noun

cultural divergence

cultures staying distinct or becoming more different – phân hóa văn hóa – noun

World Trade Organization (WTO)

global trade organization – Tổ chức Thương mại Thế giới – noun

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

global organization maintaining economic stability – Quỹ Tiền tệ Quốc tế – noun

antiglobalization movement

movement critical of globalization – phong trào chống toàn cầu hóa – noun

local

relating to a specific area – địa phương – adj

national

relating to a whole country – quốc gia – adj

domestic

inside your own country – trong nước – adj

integration

combining parts into a whole – hội nhập – noun

cooperation

working together – hợp tác – noun

multilateral

involving many countries – đa phương – adj

unilateral

done by one country – đơn phương – adj

progress

process of improvement – tiến bộ – noun

development

process of growing or advancing – phát triển – noun

protest

event showing disapproval – biểu tình phản đối – noun

strike

stopping work to demand rights – đình công – noun

demonstration

event to show support or opposition – cuộc biểu tình, tuần hành – noun

standardization

making technical standards – tiêu chuẩn hóa – noun

national sovereignty

right of nations to self-govern without interference – chủ quyền quốc gia – noun

to accelerate

to speed up – thúc đẩy, tăng tốc – verb

affluence

great wealth – sự giàu có – noun

to dominate

to control or have power over – chi phối – verb

economic growth drivers

things helping economic growth – yếu tố thúc đẩy tăng trưởng kinh tế – noun

imbalance / inequality

things not equal or fair – mất cân bằng / bất bình đẳng – noun

superpower

very powerful nation – siêu cường – noun

tariff

tax on imports or exports – thuế quan – noun

trade barrier

government restriction on trade – rào cản thương mại – noun

borders

boundaries between countries – biên giới – noun

fair trade

trade that respects ethical standards – thương mại công bằng – noun

interdependence

mutual reliance between groups/countries – sự phụ thuộc lẫn nhau – noun

foreign investment

money invested by foreign countries/companies – đầu tư nước ngoài – noun

public relations

managing a company’s image to the public – quan hệ công chúng – noun

sustainable prosperity

long-lasting wealth & success – sự thịnh vượng bền vững – noun phrase

income

money received from work or investments – thu nhập – noun

availability of employment

existence of jobs for people – cơ hội việc làm – noun phrase

affordability of housing

how affordable houses are for people – khả năng chi trả nhà ở – noun phrase

quality of healthcare

standard of medical services – chất lượng chăm sóc sức khỏe – noun phrase

level of material prosperity

degree of wealth & comfort – mức độ thịnh vượng vật chất – noun phrase

life expectancy

average number of years people live – tuổi thọ trung bình – noun

permanent relocation

moving to live somewhere forever – di chuyển vĩnh viễn – noun phrase

eligible

having the right to do or get something – đủ điều kiện – adj

bad public relations

negative image in public – hình ảnh xấu trước công chúng – noun phrase

prime example

best / typical example – ví dụ điển hình – noun phrase

mass media

phương tiện truyền thông đại chúng – noun

electronic communications

truyền thông điện tử – noun