Grade 9 Integrated Science Notes Review

A collection of vocabulary flashcards based on Grade 9 Integrated Science lecture notes, covering key terms and definitions for exam preparation.

Atom

The basic unit of a chemical element, made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Proton

A positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom.

Neutron

A neutral subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom.

Electron

A negatively charged subatomic particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom.

Atomic Number (Z)

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the element's identity.

Mass Number (A)

The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

Alloy

A mixture of two or more elements, typically metals, that retains metallic properties.

Homogeneous Alloy

An alloy that has a uniform composition throughout.

Heterogeneous Alloy

An alloy that contains two or more distinct phases or regions.

Autotrophism

The mode of nutrition where organisms produce their own food from inorganic substances.

Heterotrophism

The mode of nutrition where organisms obtain their food from other living organisms.

Photosynthesis

The process by which green plants use sunlight to synthesize food from carbon dioxide and water.

Chlorophyll

A green pigment found in plants that absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis.

Stomata

Small openings on the leaf surface that allow for gas exchange.

Glycolysis

The process of breaking down glucose into pyruvate during cellular respiration.

Denitrifying Bacteria

Bacteria that convert nitrates into nitrogen gas, returning nitrogen to the atmosphere.

Competition

The interaction between organisms that compete for limited resources.

Symbiosis

A mutually beneficial relationship between two different organisms.

Photosynthetic Reaction

The series of reactions in plants that convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using sunlight.

Vascular Tissue

Plant tissue responsible for the transport of nutrients and water.

Egestion

The process of eliminating undigested waste from the body.

Geotropism

The growth of a plant in response to gravity.

Nutrient Cycle

The movement and exchange of organic and inorganic matter back into the production of living matter.

Wave Speed (v)

The speed at which a wave travels through a medium, calculated using the formula v = fλ.

Frequency (f)

The number of cycles of a wave that pass a point in one second.

Wavelength (λ)

The distance between two successive crests or troughs of a wave.

Amplitude

The maximum displacement of points on a wave from its rest position.

Photosynthetic Apparatus

The structures in plants (such as leaves and chloroplasts) involved in photosynthesis.

Mass Percentage

A way of expressing the concentration of a substance in a mixture as the mass of the substance divided by the total mass of the mixture, multiplied by 100.