AP HG Unit 4

What is a Stateless Nation?

A group of people without a state.

Define Multinational State.

A state that contains two or more ethnic groups with traditions of self-determination that agree to coexist peacefully.

What does Autonomous mean?

An area that has a high degree of self-government and freedom from its parent state.

What is a Multistate Nation?

When a nation has a state of its own but stretches across borders of other states.

What does Semi-autonomous refer to?

A state that has some degree of self-government but relies heavily on its parent state.

Define Nation State.

A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality.

What is Self-determination?

The concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves.

What is Devolution?

The transfer of some important powers from central governments to sub-governments.

Define Sovereignty.

The ability of the state to carry out actions or policies within its borders independently.

What is Colonialism?

An attempt by one country to establish settlements and impose its political and cultural principles in another territory.

Define Imperialism.

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

What does Territoriality refer to?

The concept of wanting to control land to exert influence over people.

What is Neocolonialism?

The continued economic dependence of colonies on their former occupiers.

Define Shatterbelt.

Zones of cultural complexity containing small cultural groups that seek refuge in isolation.

What is a Choke point in geography?

A geographical feature that causes a decrease in foreign flow.

Define Superimposed Boundaries.

Barriers drawn in disregard for cultural, religious, and ethnic divisions.

What are Physical Boundaries?

Physical features that define a boundary.

Define Consequent (Cultural) Boundaries.

Boundaries set by ethnic differences, especially those based on language or religion.

What are Geometric Boundaries?

Straight lines drawn on a map to divide specific states.

What occurs in a Positional (definitional) Dispute?

States argue about where the border actually is.

Define Functional (Operational) Boundary Dispute.

Disagreement between neighboring states over policies in a border area.

What is an Exclave?

Small territories separated from the state by the territory of another state.

Define Subsequent Boundaries.

Boundary lines established after an area is settled, considering cultural characteristics.

What are Antecedent Boundaries?

Boundaries created before the current cultural landscape developed.

Define Relict Boundaries.

A boundary that has ceased to function but whose imprints remain.

What is an Enclave?

Territory that is landlocked within another country.

What is a Resource (Allocational) Dispute?

A dispute regarding natural resources in border areas.

Define Maritime.

Related to the sea.

What is a Demilitarized Zone?

An unnatural buffer zone to prevent hostilities.

What is an Exclusive Economic Zone?

The zone where coastal nations have jurisdiction over natural resources.

What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference?

A meeting of European superpowers to divide Africa.

What does The Law of the Sea state?

States have exclusive rights to marine life within 200 miles.

Define Median Line Principle.

A relatively unchanging visible boundary set in the middle of the water.

What is Delimited Boundary?

The translation of written terms of a boundary treaty into a map representation.

What does Demarcated Boundary refer to?

The marking of boundaries or limits on the physical landscape.

Define Defined Boundary.

A boundary established by a legal document, like a treaty.

What is Gerrymandering?

The process of redrawing legislative boundaries to benefit a specific party.

What does Redistricting mean?

To organize an area into new political or school districts.

Define Unitary state.

A state that concentrates all policy-making powers in one central place.

What is a Federal state?

A state that divides power between the central government and sub-units.

Define Terrorism.

The systematic use of violence to intimidate or coerce a population.

What is Ethnic Separatism?

When a minority group fights for independence.

Define Ethnic Cleansing.

Forcible removal of a less powerful ethnic group by a more powerful one.

What is Irredentism?

The belief that a territory belonging to another country should be annexed for ethnic reasons.

What are Economies of scale?

Cost advantages companies gain from efficient production.

Define Autonomous.

Having the freedom to govern itself.

What is Fragmentation?

Divisions based on ethnic or cultural identity.

What does Democratization mean?

The growth of democracy.

Define Supranationalism.

Cooperation of nations at a regional or international level.

What is the United Nations?

An international organization formed to promote peace and cooperation.

Define North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

A military alliance formed to prevent Soviet expansion during the Cold War.

What is the European Union?

An economic alliance formed to repair post-war economic scars.

What does the Organization of American States do?

Promotes links among member states in the Western Hemisphere.

Define Arab League.

An association of Arab states promoting cooperation in various fields.

What is the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)?

An economic alliance aimed at cooperation and free trade among member countries.

Define African Union.

An organization aimed at promoting economic development and political stability in Africa.

What is the Arctic Council?

A supranational organization addressing issues faced by Arctic governments and indigenous people.

What is Centrism?

An attitude that unifies people and enhances support for a state.

Define Centrifugal forces.

Forces that divide a state.

What is an Ethnic Nationalist Movement?

Organized by groups whose distinctiveness is based on national origin and culture.

What was the Cold War?

The competition between the U.S. and the Soviet Union for global control.

Define Balkanization.

A process by which a state breaks down due to ethnic conflicts.

What is Ethnonationalism?

The tendency of an ethnic group to see itself as a distinct nation with a right to autonomy.