Studied by 16 people
What are 3 examples of a primary source?
Diaries, speeches, and autobiographies
What are 3 examples of a secondary source?
Textbooks, encyclopedias, and biographies
What is the difference between and primary and a secondary source?
Primary sources were created during the time under the study/event, secondary sources are what analyze and interpret the primary sources
What is a thesis, and what is the purpose of evidence?
A statement and/or theory that is put forward as a premise to be maintained or proved
What does CRAAP stand for?
Currency, Relevance, Accuracy, Authority, Purpose
What werte John Locke’s beliefs?
Life, Liberty, and Property
What were Baron De Montesquieu’s beliefs?
Separation of powers
What were Voltaire’s beliefs?
Free speech
What was decided at the Second Continental Congress? How did this reflect the ideas of Enlightenment thought?
To draft a formal Declaration of Independence. Included a declaration of natural rights
What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?
Congress could not enforce laws, could not regulate commerce or trade, and had no power to collect taxes
What was the Northwest Ordinance of 1787?
Created a system for admitting new states to the union
What was the Virginia Plan?
Representation would be based on state population
What was the New Jersey plan?
Representation in congress would be equal among all states
What was the Great Compromise?
For Senate, each state would get 2 representatives. For House of representatives, representation was based on population
What was the three fifths comprise?
5 enslaved persons would count as 3 free people
What did the Federalists argue for?
A strong government
What did Anti-Federalists argue for and what were their criticisms?
A small central government, and feared that a strong government would overpower state governments
What were the influences on the Bill of Rights?
Enlightenment thinkers, Colonial experience under King George III, Northwest Ordinance, and the Magna Carta
Why was the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution?
Anti-Federalists wanted some enumerate rights to protect individuals from government interference
What were the 6 principles of the constitution?
Popular sovereignty, limited government, separation of powers, checks and balances, judicial review, and federalism
What was the Manifest Destiny?
Belief that Americans were destined to expand across North America
What happened to Native Americans living on the plains?
Their culture and heritage had been taken away
What was the Dawes Act?
Land rights of tribal territories
What was the Homestead act?
Granted adult citizens to claim 160 acres of government land
What is Urbanization, and how does it relate to industrialization?
When native-born Americans were drawn to the cities. Caused a bigger population leading to poor conditions
What were the push factors that pushed immigrants away from America in the late 19th century?
Farm Poverty, wars, political tyranny, and religious oppression
What were the pull factors that pulled immigrants to America?
Plenty of land and work, higher standards of living, democratic system, and social advancement
What were the two major immigration stations?
New York harbor and the Central Pacific Railroad
What is Nativism?
Extreme dislike of immigrants by native-born people
How did political machines gain and keep their power?
They had power due to being needed for cities growing faster than their government
How did the Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) impact immigrants? How long did it last?
The law was passed in order to bar Chinese immigration. Intended to be in effect for 10 years, but wasn’t repealed until 1943
What immigrant groups came BEFORE 1890?
Northern and Western Europe (Germany, Ireland, Holland)
What immigrant groups came AFTER 1890
Southern and Eastern Europe (Italy, Greece, Austria-Hungary, Russia, Serbia)
What is an ethnic community?
Community with a diverse range of people
What happened at the Homestead Strike?
A bloody confrontation that killed 16 people and many were injured
What are 2 examples of abuse/unsafe working conditions confronted by labor unions?
Unhealthy working conditions and child labor
What is a Labor Union?
An organization to improve working conditions
Where did Robber Barons get their nickname?
Robber knights, medieval German lords
What was William “Boss” Tweed?
American politician who was the political boss of Tammany Hall
Who was Andrew Carnegie?
Worked in the steel industry, 1890 he ruled the steel industry and built one of the first steel mills in pittsburgh
Who was John D. Rockefeller?
Worked in the oil industry, controlled the oil industry and founded Standard Oil company of Ohio in 1870
Who was Cornelius Vanderbilt?
Worked in the Transportation Industry, 1846 he became a millionaire, built the first railroad service from NYC to Chicago in 1873
Who was J.P. Morgan?
A financer who eventually led the steel industry, created U.S. steel after buying out Carnegie
What was the Progressive Era?
A period of social activism and political reform that worked to cure many of the social ills of the late 1800’s and early 1900’s
What did Muckrakers do?
They were journalists who would draw attention to society’s ailments
What is the difference between temperance and prohibition?
Temperance would limit alcohol consumption while Prohibition outlawed alcohol consumption
What organization was created to help abolish Child Labor in the United States?
National Child Labor Committee
Why was the Sherman Antitrust act designed to do?
To break up harmful monopolies/trusts
What is a recall?
A procedure for submitting to popular vote for the removal of officials from office before the end of their term
What is a referendum?
A state-level method of direct legislation that gives voters a chance to approve or disapprove proposed legislation or proposed constitutional amendments
What is an initiative?
A procedure for allowing voters to submit a proposed law to a popular vote by obtaining a required number of signatures
What were 2 laws created to help protect consumers during the progressive era?
The Pure Food Act and Drug Act (1906)
What did Lewis Hine do?
Photographed child labor
What did Jacob Riis do?
Journalized the problems with poverty and tenement living
What did Upton Sinclair do?
Journalized corporate and political wrongdoings
What did Ida Tarbell do?
Exposed aggressive ways standard oil employed
What did Thomas Nast do?
Made illustrations on slavery, civil war, reconstruction, and political corruptions
What did Susan B. Anthony do?
Founded the National Woman Suffrage Association
What did the 17th amendment do?
Allowed the people to vote for U.S. senators
What did the 18th amendment do?
Stopped the production of alcoholic beverages
What did the 19th amendment do?
Gave all women the right to vote
What did the 21st amendment do?
Repealed the 18th amendment
What is a “trust-buster”
A government tool to break up monopolies when they control too much of the market
Which president was associated with conservation? (1)
Theodore Roosevelt (1)
What was imperialism?
The economic and political domination of a strong nation over a weaker nation
What are 3 reasons why America chose to imperialize at the end of the 19th century?
Preoccupied with reconstruction, westward expansion, and geographic advantages
Who was Alfred T. Mahan and what did he believe nations needed to be more powerful?
He was a naval officer who believed in control over the seas
What is Social Darwinism?
Belief that certain people are more fit to survive
Which 2 countries fought during the Spanish-American war?
U.S. and Spain
Where were the 2 locations the Spanish-American war fought?
Cuba and the Philippines
Who were the Rough Riders and where did they see action during the war?
They were the first U.S. volunteer calvary, and they saw action at the battle of Las Guasimas
What was the name of the ship that exploded in Havana Harbor?
USS Maine
What was yellow journalism?
A news paper made in New York based on sensationalism and cartoons
What was the Platt Amendment?
Treaty between the U.S. and Cuba that attempted to protect Cuba’s independence
What was the Open Door Policy?
Equal privileges for all countries trading with China
Why was Roosevelt interested in Panama? What country had controlled Panama?
He sensed a good opportunity, Columbia controlled Panama
Which president was associated with the “Big Stick” diplomacy? (2)
Theodore Roosevelt (2)
Which president was associated with the “Dollar” Diplomacy?
William Howard Taft
Which president was associated with “Moral” Diplomacy?
Woodrow Wilson
What was the Monroe Doctrine?
Warned European nations that the U.S would not tolerate further colonization
Why are the 4 long-term causes that led to World War 1?
Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism
What countries made up the Central Powers?
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire
What countries made up the Allies?
France, United Kingdom, Russia, United States, Italy, and Japan
Who assassinated the Archduke of Austria-Hungary?
Gavrilo Princip
What was Germany’s policy of Unrestricted Submarine Warfare?
Germany declared war zone around Britain, merchant ships sunk without warning
What was the Zimmerman Note?
A message from Germany to Mexico asking Mexico to start an Alliance with them if the U.S joined the war
What was the United states “official” policy prior to entering WW1?
Strict and Impartial neutrality
What year did the United States enter WW1?
1917
What was the purpose of Wilson’s 14 points?
To plan for long lasting peace
What was the League of Nations?
An international organization aimed at preserving peace
What is Self Determination?
A group of people with similar Political ambitions
Why did the U.S. reject the Treaty?
Were concerned that they would be dragged into international disputes
What is consumerism?
To purchase consumer goods
What does it mean to buy on credit?
Consumers could purchase goods and pay for them over time through installment plans
What was the Red Scare?
The fear that communists (“reds”) might seize power
Who was A. Mitchell Palmer?
Attorney general that led raids on suspected communists
What does it mean to be a “radical”?
A very strong willed liberal or republican
What is the KKK? Who were its targets in the 1920’s?
Klan (Klu Klux Klan) that targeted African Americans, catholics, jews, and immigrants
Who were Sacco and Vanzetti? What did their case symbolize?
They were two Anarchists accused of murder. Their case symbolizes the predjudices which run the U.S. criminal justice system
What was the Harlem Renaissance?
The cultural revival of African American music, dance, art, fashion, etc.
Note 
Flashcard (41)