med term chap. 5

nose

lined with mucous membrane and fine hairs; it acts as a filter to moisten and warm the entering air

nasal septum

partition separating the right and left nasal cavities

paranasal sinuses

air cavities within the cranial bones that open into the nasal cavities

pharynx

serves as a food and air passageway. Air enters from the nasal cavities and/or mouth and passes through the pharynx to the larynx. Food enters the pharynx from the mouth and passes into the esophagus. (also called the throat)

adenoids

lymphoid tissue located on the posterior wall of the nasal cavity

tonsils

lymphoid tissue located on the lateral wall at the junction of the oral cavity and oropharyn

xlarynx

located on the vocal cords. air enters from the pharyn

xepiglottis

flap of cartilage that automatically covers the opening of the larynx and keeps food from entering the larynx during swallowing

trachea

passageway for air to the bronchi from the larynx; (also called the windpipe)

bronchus

one of two branches from the trachea that conducts air into the lungs, where it divides and subdivides

bronchioles

smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree

alveoli

air sacs at the end of the bronchioles. oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged through the alveolar walls and the capillaries

thorax

chest, the part of the body between the neck and the diaphragm encased by the ribs

thoracic cavity

the hollow space between the neck and diaphragm

lungs

two spongelike organs in the thoracic cavity. The right lung consists of three lobes, and the left lung has two lobes.

pleura

double-folded serous membrane covering each lung and lining the thoracic cavity with a small space between, called the pleural cavity, which contains serous fluid

mediastinum

space between the lungs. It contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, great blood vessels, and other structures.

diaphragm

muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and aids in respiration by moving up and down

carcin/o

cancer

myc/o

fungus

dys-

painful, difficult, abnormal, labored

hyper-

above, excessive

hypo-

below, incomplete, deficient, under

intra-

within

neo-

new

-al, -ic, -ous

pertaining to

-genic

producing, originating, causing

-ia

diseased or abnormal state, condition of

-itis

inflammation

-logist

one who studies and treats

-logy

study of

-oid

resembling

-oma

tumor, swelling

-osis

abnormal condition

-plasm

growth, substance, formation

-plasty

surgical repair

-rrhea

flow, discharge

adenoiditis

inflammation of the adenoids

alveolitis

inflammation of the alveoli

actelectasis

incomplete expansion (of the lung or portion of the lung)

bronchiectasis

dilation of the bronchi

bronchitis

inflammation of the bronchi

bronchogenic carcinoma

cancerous tumor originating in a bronchus

bronchopneumonia

diseased state of the bronchi and lungs

bronchospasm

spasmodic contraction of the bronchi

diaphragmatocele

hernia of the diaphragm

Epiglottitis

inflammation of the epiglottis

hemothorax

blood in the chest cavity (pleural space)

laryngitis

inflammation of the laryn

xlaryngospasm

spasmodic contraction of the laryn

xlaryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)

inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi (the acute form is called croup)

lobar pneumonia

pertaining to the lobe(s); diseased state of the lung (infection of one or more lobes of the lung)

nasopharyngitis

inflammation of the nose and pharyn

xpharyngitis

inflammation of the pharyn

xpleuritis

inflammation of the pleura (also called pleurisy)

pneumonconiosis

abnormal condition of dust in the lungs

pneumonia

diseased state of the lung

pneumonitis

inflammation of the lung

pneumothorax

air in the pleural cavity

pulmonary neoplasm

pertaining to (in) the lung, new growth (tumor)

pyothorax

pus in the chest cavity

rhinitis

inflammation of the nose

rhinomycosis

abnormal condition of fungus in the nose

rhinorrhagia

excessive bleeding from the nose

sinusitis

inflammation of the sinuses

tonsillitis

an inflammation of the tonsils

tracheitis

inflammation of the trachea

tracheostenosis

narrowing of the trachea

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

respiratory failure as a result of disease or injury

asphyxia

deprivation of oxygen for tissue use; suffocation

asthma

respiratory disease characterized by coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath, caused by constriction and inflammation of airways that is reversible between attacks

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

progressive lung disease obstructing air flow, which makes breathing difficult

Coccidioidomycosis

fungal disease affecting the lungs and sometimes other organs of the body

Coronavirus disease

respiratory infection caused by a virus with symptoms that include fever, cough, fatigue, difficulty breathing, and digestive upset

croup

condition resulting from acute obstruction of the larynx, characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness, and stridor

cystic fibrosis (CF)

hereditary disorder of the exocrine glands characterized by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract, pancreatic deficiency, and other symptoms

deviated septum

one part of the nasal cavity is smaller because of malformation or injury of the nasal septum

Diphtheria

serious bacterial infection affecting the mucous membranes of the nose and throat

emphysema

loss of elasticity of the alveoli resulting in distention causing stretching of the lungs

epistaxis

nosebleed

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

chronic progressive lung disorder characterized by increasing scarring, which ultimately reduces the capacity of the lungs; etiology unknown

influenza

highly contagious and often severe viral infection of the respiratory tract

obstructive sleep apnea

repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep, which leads to absence of breathing

pertussis

highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract characterized by a severe hacking cough, followed by acute crowing inspiration or whoop

pleural effusion

fluid in the pleural cavity caused by a disease process or trauma

pulmonary edema

fluid accumulation in the alveoli and bronchioles, most often a manifestation of heart failure

pulmonary emoblism (PE)

matter foreign to the circulation, carried to the pulmonary artery and its branches, where it blocks circulation to the lungs and can be fatal if of sufficient size or number

tuberculosis

infectious bacterial disease, most commonly spread by inhalation of small particles and usually affecting the lungs; may spread to other organs

upper respiratory infection

infection of the nasal cavity, pharynx, or laryn

xadenoidectomy

excision of the adenoids

bronchoplasty

surgical repair of a bronchus

laryngectomy

excision of the laryn

xlaryngoplasty

surgical repair of the laryn

xlaryngostomy

creation of an artificial opening into the laryn

xlaryngotracheotomy

incision of the larynx and trachea

lobectomy

excision of a lobe (of the lung)

pleurodesis

fusion of the pleura

pneumonectomy

excision of a lung

rhinoplasty

surgical repair of the nose

septoplasty

surgical repair of the nasal septum