lined with mucous membrane and fine hairs; it acts as a filter to moisten and warm the entering air
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nasal septum
partition separating the right and left nasal cavities
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paranasal sinuses
air cavities within the cranial bones that open into the nasal cavities
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pharynx
serves as a food and air passageway. Air enters from the nasal cavities and/or mouth and passes through the pharynx to the larynx. Food enters the pharynx from the mouth and passes into the esophagus. (also called the throat)
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adenoids
lymphoid tissue located on the posterior wall of the nasal cavity
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tonsils
lymphoid tissue located on the lateral wall at the junction of the oral cavity and oropharyn
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xlarynx
located on the vocal cords. air enters from the pharyn
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xepiglottis
flap of cartilage that automatically covers the opening of the larynx and keeps food from entering the larynx during swallowing
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trachea
passageway for air to the bronchi from the larynx; (also called the windpipe)
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bronchus
one of two branches from the trachea that conducts air into the lungs, where it divides and subdivides
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bronchioles
smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree
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alveoli
air sacs at the end of the bronchioles. oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged through the alveolar walls and the capillaries
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thorax
chest, the part of the body between the neck and the diaphragm encased by the ribs
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thoracic cavity
the hollow space between the neck and diaphragm
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lungs
two spongelike organs in the thoracic cavity. The right lung consists of three lobes, and the left lung has two lobes.
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pleura
double-folded serous membrane covering each lung and lining the thoracic cavity with a small space between, called the pleural cavity, which contains serous fluid
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mediastinum
space between the lungs. It contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, great blood vessels, and other structures.
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diaphragm
muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and aids in respiration by moving up and down
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carcin/o
cancer
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myc/o
fungus
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dys-
painful, difficult, abnormal, labored
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hyper-
above, excessive
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hypo-
below, incomplete, deficient, under
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intra-
within
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neo-
new
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-al, -ic, -ous
pertaining to
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-genic
producing, originating, causing
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-ia
diseased or abnormal state, condition of
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-itis
inflammation
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-logist
one who studies and treats
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-logy
study of
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-oid
resembling
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-oma
tumor, swelling
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-osis
abnormal condition
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-plasm
growth, substance, formation
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-plasty
surgical repair
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-rrhea
flow, discharge
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adenoiditis
inflammation of the adenoids
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alveolitis
inflammation of the alveoli
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actelectasis
incomplete expansion (of the lung or portion of the lung)
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bronchiectasis
dilation of the bronchi
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bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi
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bronchogenic carcinoma
cancerous tumor originating in a bronchus
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bronchopneumonia
diseased state of the bronchi and lungs
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bronchospasm
spasmodic contraction of the bronchi
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diaphragmatocele
hernia of the diaphragm
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Epiglottitis
inflammation of the epiglottis
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hemothorax
blood in the chest cavity (pleural space)
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laryngitis
inflammation of the laryn
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xlaryngospasm
spasmodic contraction of the laryn
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xlaryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)
inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi (the acute form is called croup)
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lobar pneumonia
pertaining to the lobe(s); diseased state of the lung (infection of one or more lobes of the lung)
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nasopharyngitis
inflammation of the nose and pharyn
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xpharyngitis
inflammation of the pharyn
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xpleuritis
inflammation of the pleura (also called pleurisy)
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pneumonconiosis
abnormal condition of dust in the lungs
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pneumonia
diseased state of the lung
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pneumonitis
inflammation of the lung
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pneumothorax
air in the pleural cavity
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pulmonary neoplasm
pertaining to (in) the lung, new growth (tumor)
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pyothorax
pus in the chest cavity
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rhinitis
inflammation of the nose
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rhinomycosis
abnormal condition of fungus in the nose
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rhinorrhagia
excessive bleeding from the nose
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sinusitis
inflammation of the sinuses
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tonsillitis
an inflammation of the tonsils
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tracheitis
inflammation of the trachea
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tracheostenosis
narrowing of the trachea
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acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
respiratory failure as a result of disease or injury
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asphyxia
deprivation of oxygen for tissue use; suffocation
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asthma
respiratory disease characterized by coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath, caused by constriction and inflammation of airways that is reversible between attacks
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chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
progressive lung disease obstructing air flow, which makes breathing difficult
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Coccidioidomycosis
fungal disease affecting the lungs and sometimes other organs of the body
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Coronavirus disease
respiratory infection caused by a virus with symptoms that include fever, cough, fatigue, difficulty breathing, and digestive upset
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croup
condition resulting from acute obstruction of the larynx, characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness, and stridor
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cystic fibrosis (CF)
hereditary disorder of the exocrine glands characterized by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract, pancreatic deficiency, and other symptoms
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deviated septum
one part of the nasal cavity is smaller because of malformation or injury of the nasal septum
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Diphtheria
serious bacterial infection affecting the mucous membranes of the nose and throat
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emphysema
loss of elasticity of the alveoli resulting in distention causing stretching of the lungs
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epistaxis
nosebleed
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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
chronic progressive lung disorder characterized by increasing scarring, which ultimately reduces the capacity of the lungs; etiology unknown
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influenza
highly contagious and often severe viral infection of the respiratory tract
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obstructive sleep apnea
repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep, which leads to absence of breathing
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pertussis
highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract characterized by a severe hacking cough, followed by acute crowing inspiration or whoop
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pleural effusion
fluid in the pleural cavity caused by a disease process or trauma
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pulmonary edema
fluid accumulation in the alveoli and bronchioles, most often a manifestation of heart failure
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pulmonary emoblism (PE)
matter foreign to the circulation, carried to the pulmonary artery and its branches, where it blocks circulation to the lungs and can be fatal if of sufficient size or number
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tuberculosis
infectious bacterial disease, most commonly spread by inhalation of small particles and usually affecting the lungs; may spread to other organs