Chem 110 Terms Quiz 2

Conservation of Energy Law

Matter or energy can not be created or destroyed

Thermal energy

Kinetic energy measured by finding the temperature of an object

Heat

The amount of thermal energy transferred from one object to another as a result of a temp difference

Dalton's Law of Partial pressure

Total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases in a container is equal to the sum of the pressures of each individual gas

Molarity:

number of a substance dissolved in a liter of solution (M)

Solution

homogenous mixture

Solute

dissolved substance in a solution

Precipitation

Process where soluble reactants  yield to an insoluble product that falls out of solution

Acid base neutralization

an acid reacts with a base to yield water and a salt

Oxidation reduction (redox)

where one or more electrons are transferred between the reaction

Molecular equation

all substances in the chemical reaction

Complete ionic equation

where all the components are broken apart

Net ionic equations

only the ions undergoing change are written

Spectator ions

Ions that undergo no change in the reaction and are the same on both sides of the arrow

HNO₂

Nitrous Acid

HNO₃

Nitric Acid

H₃PO₄

Phosphoric Acid

H₂SO₃

Sulfurous Acid

H₂SO₄

Sulfuric Acid

HClO

Hypochlorous acid

HClO₂

Chlorous Acid

HClO₃

Chloric Acid

HClO₄

Perchloric Acid

NO₂-

Nitrite Ion

NO₃-

Nitrate Ion

PO₄^3-

Phosphate Ion

SO₃^2-

Sulfite Ion

SO₄^2-

Sulfate Ion

ClO^-

Hypochlorite Ion

ClO₂^-

Chlorite Ion

ClO₃^-

Chlorate Ion

ClO₄^-

Perchlorate Ion

Oxidation

The loss of one or more electrons

Reduction

The gain of more electrons

Redox reaction

The process in which electrons are transferred from one component/compound to another

NH₄⁺

Ammonium

CH₃CO₂^-

Acetate

CN^-

Cyanide

ClO^-

Hypochlorite

ClO₂^-

Chlorite

ClO₃^-

Chlorate

ClO₄^-

Perchlorate

H₂PO₄^-

Dihydrogen Phosphate

HCO₃^-

Hydrogen Carbonate

HSO₄^-

Hydrogen Sulfate

OH^-

Hydroxide

MnO₄^-

Permanganate

NO₂^-

Nitrite

NO₃^-

Nitrate

CO₃^2-

Carbonate

CrO₄^2-

Chromate

Cr₂O₇^2-

Dichromate

O₂^2-

Peroxide

HPO₄^2-

Hydrogen Phosphate

SO₃^2-

Sulfite

SO₃^2-

Sulfate

S₂O₃^2-

Thiosulfate

PO₄^3-

Phosphate

Exceptions to soluble compounds: Li⁺, Na⁺, Rb⁺, Cs⁺ (Group 1 Cations)

None

Exceptions to soluble compounds: NH₄⁺ (ammonium ion)

None

Exceptions to soluble compounds: Cl^-, Br^-,I^-

Halides of Ag⁺, Hg₂²⁺, Pb²⁺

Exceptions to soluble compounds: NO₃^- (Nitrate)

None

Exceptions to soluble compounds: ClO₄^- (perchlorate)

None

Exceptions to soluble compounds: CH₃CO₂^- (acetate)

None

Exceptions to soluble compounds: SO₄^2- (Sulfate)

Sulfates of Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺, Hg₂²⁺ , Pb²⁺

Exceptions for INsoluble compound: CO₃^2- (carbonate)

Carbonates of Group one cations, NH₄⁺

Exceptions for INsoluble compound: S^2- (sulfide)

Sulfides of group 1A cations, NH₄⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺ , Ba²⁺

Exceptions for INsoluble compound: PO₄^3- (phosphate)

Phosphates of group 1A cations, NH₄⁺

Exceptions for INsoluble compound: OH^- (Hydroxide)

Hydroxides of group 1A cations, NH₄⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺ , Ba²⁺

Ionic Bonds

When a nonmetal bonds with a metal

Covalent bonds

When a nonmetal bonds with a nonmetal

Metallic Bonds

When a metal bonds with a metal

Solvent

the factor that you have the MOST of, what things are getting dissolved into

Solute

The element that is getting dissolved

Aqueous Solution (aq)

When something is dissolved into water