anatomy practice questions

questions at the end of each lecture

the largest and most numerous of the glial cells in the central nervous system are the

astrocytes

small, wandering cells that engulf cell debris and pathogens in the CNS called

microglia

the ____ nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord

central

the part of the peripheral nervous system that carries sensory information to the CNS is designated

afferent

the ___ nervous system provides involuntary regulation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular activity

autonomic

the most abundant class of neuron in the central nervous system is

multipolar

identify the structure labeled “5”

synaptic terminals

which part(s) of the neuron can prpaate an action potential?

3

Ion channels that are always open are called — channels

Leak

Any stimulus that opens a —- ion channel will produce a graded potential.

Graded potential

May be either a depolarization or hyper polarization

If acetylcholine can causes inhibition of a post synaptic neuron, to what type of membrane channel did the Ach bind?

Chemically regulated potassium channel

The spinal cord consist of four regions and ___ pairs of spinal nerves

Thirty-one

Spinal nerves are

Both sensory and motor

Arrange the spinal meninges from innermost to outermost layer

Pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater

The posterior root of a spinal nerve contains

Axons of sensory neurons

The posterior root ganglia mainly contain

Cell bodies of sensory neurons

The layer of the meninges in direct contact with the spinal cord is the,

Pia mater

Cerebrospinal fluid flows within the

Subarachnoid space

Masses of gray matter within the central nervous system are

Nuclei

Identify the structure labeled “I”.

Posterior white column

Label the structure labeled “4”

Posterior gray horn

What is the function of the structure labeled “11”?

Somatic sensory receiving

The anterior rami of spinal nerves C5 to T1 contribute fibers to the —- plexus

Brachial

loss of feeling the thumb and first two fingers is most likely due to damaged —- nerve

Radial

Ion channels that are always opened are called

Leak channels

Opening of sodium channels in the axon membrane causes

Depolarization

After acetylcholine acts, the synaptic terminal

Reabsorbs the choline

What is true about the threshold for an action potential?

It is more positive than the resting membrane potential

The period during which the excitable membrane cannot respond to further stimulation is the —- period

Absolute refractory

In an reflex, a sensory neuron synapses directly On a motor neuron

Monosynaptic

Reflexes based on synapses formed during development are -__ reflexes

Innate

What is not true of muscle spindles?

That they are found in tendons

Cerebrospinal fluid within the

Subarachnoid space

Muscles of the neck + shoulder are innovated by spinal nerves from the —- region

Cervical

The specific strip of skin that is innovated by a specific spinal nerve is called

Dermatome

The interior root of a spinal nerve contains

Axons of motor neurons

The luvas anterior gray horns of the spinal cord contain mainly

Somatic motor nuclei