History and Culture of American Sign Language

Alice Cogswell

________: Gallaudets Inspiration /Influence to find methods to educate deaf.

ASL

________ is not: A code for English, Universal and just fingerspelling.

Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet

________: The Father of American Education for the Deaf, Inspired by Alice Cogswell, Set up 1st School for Deaf in America.

Laurent Clerc

________: First Deaf Teacher in US, From Paris, helped create /develop ASL, Used LSQ (French Sign Language), Home Signs and English.

Hartford

1817: In ________, Connecticut the 1st Free School for Deaf in America is formed.

Washington

Gallaudet University: University for the Deaf, Located in ________ DC, Opened in 1864.

Alexander Graham Bell

________: opposed ASL, Developed /supported oral method of education for deaf.

DrThomas Hopkins Gallaudet

________ was an educator and grew interest in teaching his neighbors deaf daughter: Alice Cogswell.

Cultural Terminology

________: Deaf, hard of hearing, Little d deaf, Big D Deaf, a person with a hearing loss, hearing impaired, moderate to profound hearing loss, residual hearing.

Edward Miner Gallaudet

________: established the Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Blind.

MCE

Manually Coded English (________): Methods created by Educators for the Deaf that mix some ASL signs, some made up English signs and English Grammar.

Gallaudet University

________ is known today for being: the first and only deaf university in the world.

ASL

________ does not have: articles, being verbs, and prefixes /suffixes.

DrThomas Hopkins Gallaudet

________: Graduated from Yale and was a minister from Hartford Connecticut.

Abbe Charles Michel D LEpee

Father of Public Education for the Deaf, Established 1st School for Deaf

Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet

The Father of American Education for the Deaf, Inspired by Alice Cogswell, Set up 1st School for Deaf in America

Laurent Clerc

First Deaf Teacher in US, From Paris, helped create/develop ASL, Used LSQ (French Sign Language), Home Signs and English

Alice Cogswell

Gallaudets Inspiration/Influence to find methods to educate deaf

Alexander Graham Bell

opposed ASL, Developed/supported oral method of education for deaf

Gallaudet University

University for the Deaf, Located in Washington DC, Opened in 1864

I King Jordan

First deaf president of Gallaudet, Elected due to DPN Protest

ASL is not

A code for English, Universal and just fingerspelling

ASL does not have

articles, being verbs, and prefixes/suffixes

ASL approaches these concepts differently

prepositions, adverbs, verb tense/conjugation

Grammatically ASL

Old, Traditional, Modern

Contact variants of ASL

Anglicized, CASE (conceptually accurate signed English)

Grammatically English ASL

Signed English, SEE 2, SEE 1, Rochester Method

Cultural Terminology

Deaf, hard of hearing, Little d deaf, Big D Deaf, a person with a hearing loss, hearing impaired, moderate to profound hearing loss, residual hearing

2 Perspectives of Deafness

Pathological and Cultural

Pathological View of Deafness

Deafness is a disability/disease that needs to be cured

Cultural View of Deafness

Being deaf is a cultural identity and community

Big D Deaf

Deaf, some degree of hearing loss, uses ASL, and is involved in the deaf community

Little d deaf

Hard-of-hearing/person with a hearing loss, some degree of hearing loss, does not use ASL, Typically not involved in deaf culture

Deaf tend to share

Name sign, educational background, where they are from, deaf family

Deaf want to know

your name/name sign, where you are learning ASL, ASL teachers name, deaf family or connections

If deaf individuals are present in the environment

Do your best to sign and do your best to respect the "voice off" environment

Getting attention in a signing environment

Use touch, wave, use of lights, and use of intermediary

Moving through space in a signing environment

Use of touch and walkthrough

Dr.Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet

Graduated from Yale and was a minister from Hartford Connecticut

Dr.Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet was an educator and grew interest in teaching his neighbors deaf daughter

Alice Cogswell

1775 Abbe Charles Michel de LEpee

Founded the National Institute for Deaf Mutes

Gallaudet meets these two people

Abbe Sicard (successor of the Deaf School) and Laurent Clerc (one of the best teachers at the institute)

Laurent Clerc taught everything he knew about teaching the deaf

Gallaudet

Gallaudet was ready to travel back and asked Clerc to

travel with him to America and help him start a deaf school in the US

In 1817 Gallaudet and Clerc established

the American School for the Deaf, Hartford Connecticut

The initial phase of American Sign Language was formed with

home signs brought by students, a sign language system used in Marthas Vineyard and the French Sign Language System

By 1863

22 deaf schools were established in the US

Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet died in

1851

Edward Miner Gallaudet

established the Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Blind

In 1864, the Columbia Institution of the Deaf and Blind was able to

issue college degrees making itself the first college for the deaf

In 1893 The Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Blind was renamed

Gallaudet College

In 1986, Gallaudet College was renamed to

Gallaudet University

Gallaudet University is known today for being

the first and only deaf university in the world

In 1988

Dr

The current President of Gallaudet University

Roberta J. Cordano, JD (January 1, 2016)

1755

In Paris, France the 1st Free School for Deaf is established

1817

In Hartford, Connecticut the 1st Free School for Deaf in America is formed

1864

In Washington D.C Gallaudet University Opens

March 6-13 1988

Gallaudet University Deaf President Now Protest (DPN)

English Signed Systems

Variations of ASL Signs in English Word Order

Manually Coded English (MCE)

Methods created by Educators for the Deaf that mix some ASL signs, some made up English signs and English Grammar

MCE

Manually Coded English

Types of MCEs

S.E.E.1, S.E.E.2, C.A.S.E