Picturesque_Garden_in_England_and_Europe

Age of Enlightenment

An intellectual and philosophical movement in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries emphasizing reason, individualism, and skepticism of tradition.

picturesque

A term used to describe a visually attractive scene, often characterized by natural landscapes that are beautiful and evocative.

Claude glass

A dark tinted mirror used by artists and tourists to enhance the beauty of a landscape by reflection.

noble savage

A concept in literature and philosophy referring to the idea that primitive people are noble and untainted by the corruption of civilization.

line of beauty

A term coined by William Hogarth describing a curving line that is aesthetically pleasing.

sublime

An aesthetic concept denoting greatness beyond all possibility of calculation, measurement, or imitation, often associated with nature.

chinoiserie

A European artistic style reflecting Chinese influences, particularly in decorative arts.

Romanticism

An artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing emotion and individualism.

folly

A decorative building primarily constructed for effect, often in a garden or park setting.

scenographic composition

The arrangement of visual elements in a landscape or artwork to create a dramatic effect.

grotto

A natural or artificial cave used in gardens for aesthetic purposes.

nature’s gentleman

A term referring to the idea of an individual in tune with nature, embodying characteristics of authenticity and simplicity.

tourism

The practice of visiting places for pleasure and leisure, which became popular in the context of picturesque scenery.

watercolor painting

A painting method using pigments suspended in a water-based solution, often associated with capturing landscapes.

industrial revolution

A period of major industrialization during the late 18th and early 19th centuries that dramatically changed the economy and society.

gothic tower

An architectural feature associated with the Gothic style, characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses.

foreground

The part of a view that is nearest to the observer, often used to create depth in a composition.

American Revolution

A colonial revolt against British rule from 1775 to 1783, leading to the founding of the United States.

désert (wilderness)

Refers to a wild, natural area, often associated with the romantic and picturesque ideals.

Hameau

A rustic farm village, particularly in the context of French landscape gardens.

genius loci

The protective spirit of a place, often influencing the design and feel of a landscape.

imagination / reverie

The capacity to form images and concepts in the mind, often linked to the appreciation of picturesque beauty.

political philosophy

The study of fundamental questions about the state, government, justice, and individual rights.