Ch 1 Matter Notes

Solids

A state of matter in which the object has a definite shape and volume.

Liquid

form of matter with no definite shape but a definite volume

Gases

No definite shape or volume

Intensive

does not depend on the amount of matter

Extensive

does depend on the amount of matter

Pure Substance

A substance made of only one kind of matter and having definite properties.

Mixtures

- Blend of 2 or more types of matter, contain more than one substance
- Each retains its own identity and properties and vary from sample to sample

Heterogeneous Mixture

A mixture in which different materials can be distinguished easily

Homogeneous Mixture

A mixture in which substances are evenly distributed throughout the mixture

Filtration

A process that separates materials based on the size of their particles.

Distillation

A process that separates the substances in a solution based on their boiling points

Chromotography

a process which separates the parts of a solution with special paper and a solvent.

Periods/Rows.

From left to right across the periodic table.

Columns/Groups

vertical, elements have similar properties, equal number of electron in their outermost shell

alkali metals

Group 1

alkaline earth metals

Group 2

Transition Metals

groups 3-12

Halogens

Group 17

Noble Gases

Group 18

Metal

an element that is shiny and that conducts heat and electricity well; located to the left of the staircase

Nonmetal

An element that lacks most of the properties of a metal; usually gases; located to the right of the staircase

Metalloid

an element that has physical and chemical properties of both metals and nonmetals; located on the staircase (not including Aluminum)

Suspensions

Heterogeneous mixtures with large, often visible solutes that tend to settle out.

Colloids

substances such as large protein molecules that do not readily dissolve into true solutions

Solution

A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

Lanthanides

The 14 elements with atomic numbers from 58 to 71

Actinides

the 14 elements with atomic numbers from 90 to 103

Mass

the amount of matter in an object

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space

atoms

Matter is made up of _____, the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element

Elements

Atoms make up ________, which are pure substances, and cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances

Compounds

- Elements make up _________
- Substance that can be broken down into simple, stable substances
- Made from atoms of 2 or more elements that are chemically bonded

Physical Change

A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance

Chemical Change

A change where one or more substances are converted into different ​substances

Examples of Physical Change

melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, sublimation

Examples of Chemical Change

BURNING, RUSTING, TARNISH

Reactants

A starting material in a chemical reaction

Product

A substance produced in a chemical reaction

Solute

the substance that is dissolved

Solvent

A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances

Physical Properties

Characteristics that can be ​observed or measured without changing the identity of the ​substance

Chemical Properties

Ability of a substance to undergo changes that transform it into a different substance