KIIP 4 Grammar

https://rawkorean.com/learn/kiip/grammar?level=4&id=210

V -느라고 / 느라

• ‘Because of that…(something negative.)’

• shows that the preceding statement is the cause of the following negative statement

V/A -(으)ㄹ수록

• ‘as one thing changes, so does another thing’

• expresses that one change causes another change

V/A -(으)ㄹ 뿐(만) 아니라

• ‘not only this, but also…’

• shows the act/state in the following clause is added to the preceeding clause

V/A -(으)ㄹ 수밖에 없다

• ‘there’s nothing I can do but…’ or ‘there is nothing else except…’

• often expresses an exaggeration

V/A -ㄴ/는 줄 알다

• ‘I thought…’

• shows the speaker thinks/thought the prior statement was true

V -곤 하다

• ‘I often do…’ or ‘I tend to….’

• shows something is often/frequently repeated

V/A/N -더니

• shows a current fact is different from what was previously known

• shows a cause and effect link between the past and present events

V/A -(으)ㄴ 나머지

• shows the following clause is the result of a certain act/state mentioned in the previous clause, but is used when the first act/state is extreme and the result is unavoidable

• similar to -아 /어서

얼마나 V/A -(으)ㄴ지/는지 모르다

• 'You don't know how (much something is)' or 'I can't describe how (much something is)'

• exaggerates and shows something was a lot or excessive

N/V/A -든지

• 'whether A or whether B...' or 'it doesn't matter if I do A or B...’

• shows that anything can be chosen among the listed acts/states/objects

V/A -던

• recall a past experience that was regularly repeated, and didn’t continue to the present

V - (으)ㄹ 정도로

• shows the action in the following clause occurs to a degree similar to what is described in the preceding clause

V-되

• ‘You can ___, but make sure…..'

• describes a fact and adds conditions or clues to it

V-았/었/혔더니

• describes something that was personally experienced or noticed by the speaker

• shows something happened as a result of something the speaker did or said previously

V/A -는다면서요?

• ask if something is true/correct

V-(으)ㄹ 겸 -(으)ㄹ 겸

• shows there are more than 2 purposes/reasons for an action

V-(으)ㄹ 뻔했다

• used to express something almost happened

N-(으)로 인하여

• shows the preceding statement is the cause for a certain situation.

• used in formal written works or news reports

V-고 말다

• shows something regrettable finally occurred

• expresses that it is the strong will of the speaker to accomplish the action

V/A-(으)ㄴ/는 척하다

• indicates that one is pretending to do or be something

N 조차

• indicates the inclusion of extreme cases that are generally hard to predict. negative

V/A -기 마련이다

• used for things that’re expected to be a certain way. ‘bound to’, ‘natural to’

• proverbs, life advice

V/A/N -나 보다 / (으)ㄴ가 보다 (-는가 보다)

• used in spoken language, expresses a speaker’s guess

N-(이)야말로

• emphasizes that the noun is the best amongst other possible choices

• ‘the very…’, ‘the most…’

V -도록

• ‘in order to….’, ‘so that…’

• ‘until, to the point where…’

V -는 한

‘as long as…’

V/A -(으)므로

• written language; shows a reason or clause

N 은/는커녕

• negates or rejects the first statement to emphasize the second statement

• ‘not only did not…’

V-다시피

• ‘as’, ‘almost like’

• suggests that the listener is familiar with the content of the second clause

V-는 법이다

• shows that the act in the preceding clause has already been decided, reasonably/naturally so

V/A-(으)ㄹ지도 모르다

• shows uncertainty. ‘might’, ‘may’

N 치고

• shows something is without exception or is always the case; ‘there’s nobody who doesn’t know this’

• ‘for a ___,…..’'