Stuarts Economy (copy)

Agriculture, Cloth trade, then banking

Many areas such as the West Country were already enclosed by what year?

1625

What was one of the benefits of water meadows?

encouraged crops to grow earlier, more efficient in producing food for working and non-working animals

How many horses were used on farms in 1700, compared to 100 years prior? (estimated)

630,000, 300,000

Traditionally how many fields would be left in fallow (to restore nutrients to the soil)?

one in three

What was a benefit of enclosure?

more fields available for crop rotation, leading to higher yield

The proportion of labourers to small farmers increased over the century. It is estimated that there were [———] families of labourers in 1688

364000

Agricultural production in Britain had exceeded all other European countries except Holland

1640s

Which act led to the creation of toll roads (include date)?

Turnpike Act 1663

Author who wrote about agricultural techniques (mid-century)

Walter Blith

How many Dutch immigrants settled in Colchester between 1565-68?

1,500

How many immigrants were working in the cloth industry in England by 1585?

13,000

The population in England doubled from 2.5 to 5 million between what years?

1520-1680

When did London become the largest city in Western Europe?

(around) 1650

What percentage of the UK’s population lived in London?

7%

What was the second-largest town in England?

Norwich

Trade in Norwich

East Anglia Cloth trade

First Turnpike Act (allowing merchants to create new toll roads)

1663???

Cloth accounted for [—] of exports out of London in 1640

92%

From [-----] England became a net exporter of grain rather than importer

1670

The Royal Exchange is opened (provided space for brokers to do deals)

1571

An ‘Assurance Court’ was set up to deal with marine insurance matters

1601

The first money-scrivening firm is established by Robert Abbott

1636

Before the rise of Goldsmith banks, where would wealthy merchants deposit their large amounts of gold?

The Royal Mint

Charles I seized gold from the Tower of London causing merchants to invest with goldsmith-bankers

1640

When was the first coffee house opened in Oxford?

1650

Between 1652 and 1655, how much money passed through Robert Abbott’s accounts?

Over £1,000,000